Table 2 Multivariate analysis for the adjusted associations between overweight and obesity with geographic remoteness.

Geographic remoteness

Major city urban areas (ref)

Major city rural areas

1.53 (1.16–2.03), 0.003

1.63 (0.85–3.13), 0.14

Regional city urban areas

1.32 (1.18–1.47), < 0.001

1.49 (1.16–1.92), 0.002

Regional city rural areas

1.18 (1.08–1.29), < 0.001

1.31 (1.07–1.60), 0.01

Age

15–24 years (ref)

25–54 years

3.73 (3.40–4.08), < 0.001

6.32 (5.16–7.74), < 0.001

55–64 years

6.46 (5.73–7.29), < 0.001

9.61 (7.29–12.67), < 0.001

 ≥ 65 years

7.26 (6.30–8.36), < 0.001

10.06 (7.30–13.87), < 0.001

Gender

Male (ref)

Female

0.26 (0.24–0.30), < 0.001

0.53 (0.43–0.66), < 0.001

Education

Year 12 or below (ref)

Professional qualifications

1.70 (1.54–1.88), < 0.001

3.27 (2.63–4.07), < 0.001

University qualifications

1.10 (0.99–1.24), 0.09

0.64 (0.50–0.81), < 0.001

Civil Status

Single (ref)

Married/living together

2.42 (2.22–2.65), < 0.001

5.04 (4.14–6.13), < 0.001

Divorced/Widow/Separated

2.39 (2.10–2.72), < 0.001

5.18 (3.91–6.84), < 0.001

Household income quintile

Quintile 1 (lowest)

0.71 (0.65–0.77), < 0.001

0.35 (0.28–0.43), < 0.001

Quintile 2

0.71 (0.65–0.76), < 0.001

0.52 (0.43–0.63), < 0.001

Quintile 3

0.80 (0.75–0.86), < 0.001

0.60 (0.49–0.72), < 0.001

Quintile 4

0.91 (0.86–0.97), 0.01

0.86 (0.72–1.03), 0.09

Quintile 5 (highest) (ref)

Labor force status

Employed (ref)

Unemployed

0.89 (0.80–0.99), 0.04

1.25 (0.97–1.60), 0.08

Not in the labor force

0.93 (0.87–0.99), 0.03

1.51 (1.29–1.77), < 0.001

Ethnicity

Non-indigenous (ref)

Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander

4.02 (2.88–5.60), < 0.001

14.34 (6.67–30.84), < 0.001

Smoking status

Former/non-smoker (ref)

Current smoker

1.34 (1.25–1.43), < 0.001

0.52 (0.44–0.62), < 0.001

Alcohol consumption

Former/non-drinker (ref)

Current drinker

0.77 (0.71–0.83), < 0.001

1.58 (1.35–1.84), < 0.001