Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Development of hydrophobic paper substrates using silane and sol–gel based processes and deriving the best coating technique using machine learning strategies

Figure 4

(a) Contact angle measurements at 30, 60, 90 and 120 secs for TMMS and TEOS dipped paper; (b) asperities on dried paper surface after 2 coats for 90 s dip coats, (c) surface asperities on 120 secs dipped paper after drying; (d) Number of dips versus the contact angle for Ti1 and Ti2 solutions; (e1,e2) XRD intensity curves for paper dipped once and 5 times in Ti1 and Ti2 respectively (Pan Analytical X’pert Powder Diffractometer/ X’Pert Highscore software); (f,g) SEM images of Ti2 coated surface after 1 dip and 5 dips respectively (EVO 50 (CARL Zeiss) system); (h1,h2) water droplet on paper dipped once and 2 times for 60 secs; (i) 9 times dip coated paper stiffening and showing wrinkles when folded.

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