Table 2 Crude means and proportion of individual characteristics and lipid level by glycemic categories in two study populations.

From: Increasing glycaemia is associated with a significant decline in HDL cholesterol in women with prediabetes in two national populations

Parameters

                                             NHES-THAILAND

                                                     HS-ENGLAND

NGH

IGH—mild

IGH—severe

Diabetes

p*

NGH

IGH—mild

IGH—severe

Diabetes

p*

Age, years

Male

41.5 ± 0.3

46.8 ± 0.7

50.3 ± 0.9

52.7 ± 0.7

 < 0.001

40.6 ± 0.5

53.7 ± 1.0

56.2 ± 1.2

56.6 ± 1.2

 < 0.001

Female

42.2 ± 0.3

48.3 ± 0.7

49.7 ± 1.1

53.5 ± 0.6

 < 0.001

41.1 ± 0.5

54.4 ± 0.9

59.2 ± 1.1

56.4 ± 1.5

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

Male

23.5 ± 0.1

24.6 ± 0.3

25.0 ± 0.3

25.0 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

26.5 ± 0.2

28.6 ± 0.3

29.2 ± 0.4

30.6 ± 0.7

 < 0.001

Female

24.5 ± 0.1

25.8 ± 0.2

26.6 ± 0.4

26.4 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

26.3 ± 0.2

28.7 ± 0.4

29.4 ± 0.6

33.1 ± 0.8

 < 0.001

Waist circumference, cm

Male

82.2 ± 0.3

85.6 ± 0.7

86.8 ± 0.9

87.7 ± 0.6

 < 0.001

93.8 ± 0.5

101.4 ± 0.9

104.0 ± 1.2

106.1 ± 1.6

 < 0.001

Female

80.4 ± 0.2

84.4 ± 0.6

86.0 ± 1.0

87.7 ± 0.5

 < 0.001

84.7 ± 0.4

92.5 ± 0.9

95.7 ± 1.3

102.2 ± 1.6

 < 0.001

Antihypertensive drug use (%)

Male

7 (0.01)

11 (0.01)

20 (0.03)

31 (0.02)

 < 0.001

7 (0.01)

23 (0.03)

22 (0.04)

52 (0.05)

 < 0.001

Female

7 (0.01)

11 (0.01)

20 (0.03)

31 (0.02)

 < 0.001

6 (0.01)

18 (0.02)

32 (0.04)

52 (0.06)

 < 0.001

Lipid lowering agent drug use (%)

Male

4 (0.004)

6 (0.01)

10 (0.02)

26 (0.02)

 < 0.001

5 (0.01)

20 (0.03)

34 (0.05)

68 (0.05)

 < 0.001

Female

6 (0.004)

12 (0.01)

16 (0.02)

35 (0.02)

 < 0.001

4 (0.01)

13 (0.02)

24 (0.04)

58 (0.06)

 < 0.001

Current smoking (%)

Male

5 (0.01)

20 (0.03)

34 (0.05)

68 (0.05)

 < 0.001

5 (0.01)

20 (0.03)

34 (0.05)

68 (0.05)

 < 0.001

Female

5 (0.01)

20 (0.03)

34 (0.05)

68 (0.05)

 < 0.001

5 (0.01)

20 (0.03)

34 (0.05)

68 (0.05)

 < 0.001

Current alcoholic drinking (%)

Male

59 (0.01)

67 (0.02)

59 (0.03)

50 (0.03)

 < 0.001

89 (0.01)

86 (0.03)

84 (0.04)

75 (0.05)

 < 0.001

Female

26 (0.01)

23 (0.02)

22 (0.03)

14 (0.02)

 < 0.001

84 (0.01)

77 (0.03)

78 (0.04)

64 (0.06)

 < 0.001

Physically active (%)

Male

82 (0.01)

81 (0.02)

84 (0.02)

79 (0.02)

0.3

68 (0.02)

54 (0.04)

51 (0.05)

37 (0.05)

 < 0.001

Female

82 (0.01)

85 (0.02)

84 (0.02)

81 (0.02)

0.1

53 (0.02)

46 (0.03)

39 (0.04)

27 (0.05)

 < 0.001

Non-HDL Chol, mmol/L

Male

3.85 ± 0.03

3.98 ± 0.07

4.10 ± 0.08

3.91 ± 0.08

0.04

3.69 ± 0.04

4.02 ± 0.08

3.97 ± 0.12

3.20 ± 0.12

0.2

Female

3.83 ± 0.02

4.12 ± 0.06

4.02 ± 0.08

3.95 ± 0.06

0.001

3.33 ± 0.03

4.05 ± 0.07

3.90 ± 0.10

3.56 ± 0.15

 < 0.001

HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

Male

1.23 ± 0.01

1.14 ± 0.02

1.16 ± 0.02

1.10 ± 0.02

 < 0.001

1.42 ± 0.01

1.34 ± 0.03

1.30 ± 0.04

1.18 ± 0.04

 < 0.001

Female

1.36 ± 0.01

1.31 ± 0.02

1.28 ± 0.03

1.25 ± 0.02

 < 0.001

1.69 ± 0.01

1.65 ± 0.03

1.55 ± 0.04

1.34 ± 0.05

 < 0.001

  1. HS-England the Health Survey for England, p p value, BMI body mass index, HDL-c High density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c Low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  2. *Summary statistics for raw data are presented, unstandardized for any between-population differences. Continuous normally-distributed variables; mean ± standard error of mean, Categorical variables; percentage (standard error of the proportion) are shown. NGH; normal glucose homeostasis (FPG < 5.6 mmol/L (Thai) or HbA1c < 5.7% (UK)), IGH-mild; mild impaired glucose homeostasis (FPG 5.6 to < 6.1 mmol/L (Thai) or HbA1c 39 to < 42 mmol/mol (UK)), IGH-severe: severe impaired glucose homeostasis (FPG 6.1 to < 7.0 mmol/L (Thai) or HbA1c 42 to < 48 mmol/mol (UK)), diabetes, FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol and/or currently taking a glucose lowering agent and/or self-reported previous diabetes diagnosis by doctor, the National Health Examination Survey for Thailand.
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