Table 2 Association between sleep before pregnancy and infant sleep, Japan Environment and Children’s Study (2011–2014).
No. of participants | No. of outcome | Maternal age adjusted model | Multivariable modela | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |||||
> 3 nighttime waking instances | |||||||||
Sleep duration | |||||||||
< 6 h | 4948 | 118 | 2.4 | 1.04 | 0.85 | 1.26 | 1.08 | 0.89 | 1.32 |
6 < 7 | 14,661 | 324 | 2.2 | 0.95 | 0.83 | 1.09 | 0.96 | 0.84 | 1.10 |
7 < 8 | 25,136 | 584 | 2.3 | Ref | Ref | ||||
8 < 9 | 18,302 | 466 | 2.6 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 1.24 | 1.09 | 0.96 | 1.23 |
9 < 10 | 7494 | 209 | 2.8 | 1.23 | 1.05 | 1.43 | 1.20 | 1.02 | 1.40 |
10< | 3286 | 74 | 2.3 | 1.06 | 0.84 | 1.35 | 1.07 | 0.84 | 1.36 |
Bedtime | |||||||||
21 < 24 | 49,995 | 1275 | 2.6 | Ref | Ref | ||||
24 < 27 | 21,825 | 461 | 2.1 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.99 |
Other | 2007 | 39 | 1.9 | 0.83 | 0.61 | 1.14 | 0.90 | 0.65 | 1.23 |
> 1 waking instances lasting > 1 h | |||||||||
Sleep duration | |||||||||
< 6 h | 4948 | 411 | 8.3 | 1.54 | 1.38 | 1.71 | 1.49 | 1.34 | 1.66 |
6 < 7 | 14,661 | 929 | 6.3 | 1.18 | 1.09 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.26 |
7 < 8 | 25,136 | 1343 | 5.3 | Ref | Ref | ||||
8 < 9 | 18,302 | 916 | 5.0 | 0.94 | 0.86 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 1.04 |
9 < 10 | 7494 | 387 | 5.2 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 1.12 |
10< | 3286 | 224 | 6.8 | 1.24 | 1.08 | 1.42 | 1.25 | 1.09 | 1.44 |
Bedtime | |||||||||
21 < 24 | 49,995 | 2460 | 4.9 | Ref | Ref | ||||
24 < 27 | 21,825 | 1550 | 7.1 | 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.53 | 1.38 | 1.30 | 1.47 |
Other | 2007 | 200 | 10.0 | 1.99 | 1.73 | 2.28 | 1.92 | 1.67 | 2.21 |
< 8 h of sleep during the night (20:00–7:59) | |||||||||
Sleep duration | |||||||||
< 6 h | 4948 | 408 | 8.3 | 1.65 | 1.48 | 1.84 | 1.60 | 1.44 | 1.79 |
6 < 7 | 14,661 | 872 | 6.0 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 1.31 | 1.19 | 1.09 | 1.29 |
7 < 8 | 25,136 | 1233 | 4.9 | Ref | Ref | ||||
8 < 9 | 18,302 | 804 | 4.4 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 1.00 |
9 < 10 | 7494 | 319 | 4.3 | 0.86 | 0.77 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 1.02 |
10< | 3286 | 207 | 6.3 | 1.25 | 1.08 | 1.44 | 1.26 | 1.09 | 1.46 |
Bedtime | |||||||||
21 < 24 | 49,995 | 2284 | 4.6 | Ref | Ref | ||||
24 < 27 | 21,825 | 1361 | 6.2 | 1.37 | 1.28 | 1.46 | 1.31 | 1.22 | 1.40 |
Other | 2007 | 198 | 9.9 | 2.11 | 1.84 | 2.43 | 2.04 | 1.77 | 2.35 |
Falling asleep at 22:00 or later | |||||||||
Sleep duration | |||||||||
< 6 h | 4948 | 1363 | 27.6 | 1.39 | 1.32 | 1.46 | 1.33 | 1.26 | 1.40 |
6 < 7 | 14,661 | 3359 | 22.9 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.22 | 1.15 | 1.10 | 1.19 |
7 < 8 | 25,136 | 4898 | 19.5 | Ref | Ref | ||||
8 < 9 | 18,302 | 3348 | 18.3 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 1.00 |
9 < 10 | 7494 | 1183 | 15.8 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.89 |
10< | 3286 | 691 | 21.0 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 1.10 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 1.10 |
Bedtime | |||||||||
21 < 24 | 49,995 | 8412 | 16.8 | Ref | Ref | ||||
24 < 27 | 21,825 | 5935 | 27.2 | 1.60 | 1.55 | 1.65 | 1.53 | 1.48 | 1.58 |
Other | 2007 | 495 | 24.7 | 1.40 | 1.29 | 1.52 | 1.34 | 1.23 | 1.45 |
Frequency of crying at night (≥ 5 days/week) | |||||||||
Sleep duration | |||||||||
< 6 h | 4948 | 395 | 8.0 | 1.14 | 1.03 | 1.27 | 1.16 | 1.05 | 1.29 |
6 < 7 | 14,661 | 1085 | 7.4 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 1.13 |
7 < 8 | 25,136 | 1771 | 7.1 | Ref | Ref | ||||
8 < 9 | 18,302 | 1345 | 7.4 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 1.12 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 1.12 |
9 < 10 | 7494 | 548 | 7.3 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.15 |
10< | 3286 | 203 | 6.2 | 0.91 | 0.79 | 1.04 | 0.93 | 0.80 | 1.07 |
Bedtime | |||||||||
21 < 24 | 49,995 | 3591 | 7.2 | Ref | Ref | ||||
24 < 27 | 21,825 | 1609 | 7.4 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 0.99 | 1.11 |
Other | 2007 | 147 | 7.3 | 1.06 | 0.90 | 1.24 | 1.11 | 0.95 | 1.31 |
