Table 4 Association between sleep before pregnancy and infant development, Japan Environment and Children's Study (2011–2014).

From: Association of maternal sleep before and during pregnancy with sleep and developmental problems in 1-year-old infants

	No. of participants	No. of outcome		Maternal age adjusted model			Multivariable model^a
	No. of participants		%	RR	95% CI		RR	95% CI
Communication
Sleep duration
< 6 h	4489	5	0.1	1.19	0.45	3.15	1.15	0.43	3.03
6 < 7	13,427	18	0.1	1.40	0.75	2.61	1.32	0.71	2.47
7 < 8	23,058	22	0.1	Ref			Ref
8 < 9	16,779	13	0.1	0.82	0.41	1.63	0.90	0.45	1.80
9 < 10	6863	6	0.1	0.95	0.39	2.35	1.12	0.45	2.82
10<	2975	3	0.1	1.29	0.38	4.31	1.42	0.42	4.78
Bedtime
21 < 24	45,971	46	0.1	Ref			Ref
24 < 27	19,816	19	0.1	1.01	0.59	1.73	0.86	0.49	1.50
Other	1804	2	0.1	1.33	0.32	5.51	1.39	0.33	5.79
Gross motor skills
Sleep duration
< 6 h	4489	265	5.9	1.08	0.95	1.23	1.07	0.94	1.22
6 < 7	13,427	832	6.2	1.12	1.03	1.22	1.11	1.02	1.20
7 < 8	23,066	1264	5.5	Ref			Ref
8 < 9	16,775	902	5.4	0.99	0.91	1.07	1.02	0.93	1.10
9 < 10	6861	327	4.8	0.89	0.79	1.01	0.94	0.84	1.06
10<	2975	120	4.0	0.82	0.69	0.99	0.86	0.72	1.03
Bedtime
21 < 24	45,972	2546	5.5	Ref			Ref
24 < 27	19,816	1073	5.4	1.01	0.95	1.09	0.97	0.90	1.05
Other	1805	91	5.0	1.01	0.83	1.24	1.06	0.86	1.30
Fine motor skills
Sleep duration
< 6 h	4489	252	5.6	1.01	0.88	1.15	1.02	0.90	1.17
6 < 7	13,415	781	5.8	1.04	0.95	1.13	1.05	0.97	1.15
7 < 8	23,063	1283	5.6	Ref			Ref
8 < 9	16,766	932	5.6	1.01	0.93	1.09	0.99	0.91	1.08
9 < 10	6859	373	5.4	1.00	0.90	1.12	0.98	0.87	1.09
10<	2974	141	4.7	0.95	0.80	1.12	0.93	0.79	1.10
Bedtime
21 < 24	45,951	2623	5.7	Ref			Ref
24 < 27	19,811	1053	5.3	0.96	0.90	1.03	1.00	0.93	1.07
Other	1804	86	4.8	0.92	0.74	1.13	0.94	0.76	1.16
Problems solving
Sleep duration
< 6 h	4482	246	5.5	1.09	0.95	1.25	1.06	0.93	1.21
6 < 7	13,404	726	5.4	1.08	0.98	1.18	1.04	0.95	1.14
7 < 8	23,041	1151	5.0	Ref			Ref
8 < 9	16,757	831	5.0	1.00	0.92	1.09	1.05	0.96	1.15
9 < 10	6848	343	5.0	1.03	0.91	1.16	1.12	1.00	1.26
10 <	2973	141	4.7	1.04	0.88	1.24	1.10	0.93	1.31
Bedtime
21 < 24	45,918	2321	5.1	Ref			Ref
24 < 27	19,785	1042	5.3	1.08	1.00	1.16	1.00	0.93	1.08
Other	1802	75	4.2	0.89	0.71	1.12	0.90	0.72	1.13
Personal-social characteristics
Sleep duration
< 6 h	4480	50	1.1	1.11	0.82	1.51	1.20	0.88	1.62
6 < 7	13,402	142	1.1	1.05	0.85	1.29	1.12	0.91	1.37
7 < 8	23,017	231	1.0	Ref			Ref
8 < 9	16,731	222	1.3	1.33	1.11	1.60	1.23	1.02	1.48
9 < 10	6852	99	1.4	1.48	1.17	1.87	1.30	1.03	1.65
10<	2971	34	1.1	1.27	0.89	1.82	1.18	0.82	1.69
Bedtime
21 < 24	45,874	554	1.2	Ref			Ref
24 < 27	19,778	211	1.1	0.91	0.78	1.07	1.10	0.93	1.29
Other	1801	13	0.7	0.66	0.38	1.14	0.72	0.41	1.24
Total (abnormal score for any 1 of the 5 domain)
Sleep duration
< 6 h	4491	621	13.8	1.01	0.94	1.10	1.01	0.93	1.09
6 < 7	13,432	1917	14.3	1.04	0.99	1.10	1.03	0.98	1.08
7 < 8	23,070	3146	13.6	Ref			Ref
8 < 9	16,783	2218	13.2	0.98	0.93	1.03	0.99	0.95	1.05
9 < 10	6865	874	12.7	0.96	0.89	1.03	0.99	0.92	1.06
10<	2976	365	12.3	1.00	0.90	1.10	1.02	0.92	1.13
Bedtime
21 < 24	45,987	6285	13.7	Ref			Ref
24 < 27	19,823	2645	13.3	1.01	0.97	1.05	0.98	0.94	1.03
Other	1807	211	11.7	0.94	0.82	1.07	0.97	0.85	1.10

CI confidence interval, RR risk ratio. Bold fonts showed the items of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire.
^aAdjusted for maternal age at delivery, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational age at birth, parity, infertility treatment, and infant sex.

Back to article page

Table 4 Association between sleep before pregnancy and infant development, Japan Environment and Children's Study (2011–2014).

Search

Quick links