Table 3 Estimates for fixed effects at the hourly scale as estimated by the most parsimonious model during diurnal migration over barriers (sample size = 2,966), nocturnal migration over barriers (sample size = 1,819), diurnal migration over non-barriers (sample size = 6,373) and nocturnal migration over non-barriers (sample size = 1094).

From: Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist

Model

Predictor

Estimate

SE

t

p

Diurnal over barriers

Intercept

1.13

0.05

24.45

0.00

Crosswind

− 0.11

0.03

− 4.22

0.00

BLH

− 0.10

0.01

− 7.29

0.00

Geography (Sea)

0.41

0.04

9.23

0.00

Tailwind

0.43

0.02

25.04

0.00

Nocturnal over barriers

Intercept

1.64

0.06

25.89

0.00

Crosswind

− 0.13

0.04

− 3.58

0.00

Tailwind

0.36

0.02

15.69

0.00

Diurnal over non-barriers

Intercept

0.63

0.03

20.97

0.00

Crosswind

− 0.08

0.02

− 5.27

0.00

BLH

0.02

0.01

2.40

0.02

Season (Spring)

0.14

0.03

5.61

0.05

Sex (Male)

0.07

0.04

1.67

0.10

Tailwind

0.32

0.01

29.03

0.00

Season:sex

− 0.18

0.04

− 4.93

0.00

Nocturnal over non-barriers

Intercept

1.27

0.06

22.68

0.00

Crosswind

− 0.13

0.06

− 2.24

0.03

Tailwind

0.26

0.04

6.82

0.00

  1. Boundary layer height (BLH) serves as a proxy for the availability and strength of thermal uplifts; thus, we only included BLH in diurnal models. Model estimates in units of standard deviation (SD) (organised from higher to lower relative importance), standard errors (± SE) and the t-value (the ratio between the estimate and its SE) are given. All models included individual identity (ID) as a random effect. (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001).
Back to article page