Table 3 Larvicidal activity of components identified in massoia and nutmeg EOs against Ae. albopictus.

From: Development of cellulose nanocrystal-stabilized Pickering emulsions of massoia and nutmeg essential oils for the control of Aedes albopictus

Test materials

Mortality (%, Mean ± SEa, Nb = 4)

Concentration (μg/mL)

100

50

25

12.5

6.25

3.125

1.5625

(-)-α-Pinene

0 cc

–

–

–

–

–

–

( +)-α-Pinene

0c

–

–

–

–

–

–

Sabinene

100a

92.5 ± 4.8ab

85.0 ± 6.5ab

55.0 ± 6.5b

25.0 ± 6.5b

–

–

Myrcene

42.5 ± 4.8b

20.0 ± 4.1 cd

–

–

–

–

–

α-Phellandrene

100a

57.5 ± 4.8bc

12.5 ± 2.5ef

–

–

–

–

α-Terpinene

100a

55.0 ± 6.5bc

5.0 ± 5.0f

–

–

–

–

(-)-Limonene

100a

65.0 ± 13.2ab

27.5 ± 10.31def

–

–

–

–

( +)-Limonene

100a

70.0 ± 9.1ab

10.0 ± 4.1f

–

–

–

–

γ-Terpinene

100a

87.5 ± 6.3ab

30def

–

–

–

–

Terpinolene

100a

100a

97.5 ± 2.5a

90.0 ± 7.1a

65.0 ± 8.7a

42.5 ± 4.8a

22.5 ± 2.5a

Terpinen-4-ol

10c

–

–

–

–

–

–

Safrole

100a

67.5 ± 2.5ab

45.0 ± 5de

2.5 ± 2.5c

–

–

–

Eugenol

100a

87.5 ± 2.5ab

52.5 ± 2.5bcd

25.0 ± 5bc

–

–

–

Methyl eugenol

100a

100a

82.5 ± 2.5abc

42.5 ± 4.8b

2.5 ± 2.5b

–

–

Isoeugenol

100a

85.0 ± 2.9ab

22.5 ± 2.5def

–

–

–

–

Methyl isoeugenol

100a

97.5 ± 2.5a

55.0 ± 6.5bcd

27.5 ± 7.5bc

–

–

–

C10 Massoia lactone

100a

100a

95.0 ± 2.9a

25.0 ± 2.9bc

–

–

–

Myristicin

100a

92.5 ± 2.5ab

50.0 ± 4.1 cd

0c

–

–

–

Elemicin

37.5 ± 4.8b

2.5 ± 2.5d

–

–

–

–

–

C12 Massoia lactone

100a

100a

100a

55.0 ± 2.9b

17.5 ± 4.8b

–

–

Benzyl Benzoate

100a

100a

85.0 ± 6.5ab

42.5 ± 7.5b

20.0 ± 4.1b

–

–

Benzyl salicylate

100a

100a

100a

100a

70.0 ± 7.1a

60.0 ± 7.1a

27.5 ± 4.8a

Control

0c

0d

0f

0c

0b

0b

0b

 

F 22,69 = 775.62

F 19,60 = 47.78

F 17,54 = 65.38

F 11,36 = 46.64

F 6,21 = 26.07

F 2,9 = 39.17

F 2,9 = 22.07

 

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P < 0.001

  1. aStandard error of the mean; bReplication number; cMeans within a column followed by the same letters are not significantly different (Scheffe’s test).
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