Table 3 The effects of interval and continuous exercise regimens on RA mechanics in HE.

	HIIT		MICT		CTL
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
RA strains and strain rates at rest and during exercise under 12% hypoxic exposure
Radial Strain (%)
Rt	− 27.39 ± 3.08	− 35.09 ± 3.11 *	− 28.28 ± 2.36	− 35.65 ± 3.67 *	− 27.74 ± 3.95	− 29.39 ± 1.77
Ex	− 26.96 ± 5.62	− 47.49 ± 2.68 ,*, #	− 25.36 ± 4.36	− 41.63 ± 2.27 ,*, #	− 25.74 ± 4.72	− 27.71 ± 4.95
Radial Strain Rate (s^-1)
RA in Dia
Rt	− 1.81 ± 0.11	− 2.28 ± 0.24 *	− 1.88 ± 0.13	− 2.68 ± 0.41 *	− 1.82 ± 0.19	− 1.93 ± 0.16
Ex	− 2.38 ± 0.26 **	− 3.28 ± 0.26 ,*, #	− 2.4 ± 0.29 **	− 3.61 ± 0.22 ,*, #	− 2.43 ± 0.26 **	− 2.33 ± 0.38 **
RA in Sys
Rt	1.95 ± 0.16	2.49 ± 0.25 *	1.95 ± 0.15	2.54 ± 0.39 *	1.95 ± 0.08	1.96 ± 0.15
Ex	2.38 ± 0.11 **	3.3 ± 0.19 ,*, #	2.47 ± 0.29 **	3.43 ± 0.33 ,* #	2.39 ± 0.19 **	2.41 ± 0.17 **
Longitudinal Strain (%)
Rt	45.06 ± 4.19	39.88 ± 3.81	46.65 ± 4.45	43.21 ± 2.54	45.76 ± 7.06	43.76 ± 4.57
Ex	59.32 ± 4.12 **	69.38 ± 3.17,,**	57.83 ± 5.05 **	54.01 ± 2.81 **	59.32 ± 4.12 **	59.87 ± 5.37 **
Longitudinal Strain Rate (s-1)
RA in Dia
Rt	1.67 ± 0.09	1.51 ± 0.08	1.66 ± 0.09	1.7 ± 0.12	1.66 ± 0.14	1.61 ± 0.12
Ex	2.59 ± 0.09 **	2.6 ± 0.14 **	2.56 ± 0.16 **	2.3 ± 0.17 **	2.56 ± 0.3 **	2.49 ± 0.33 **
RA in Sys
Rt	− 1.74 ± 0.16	− 1.59 ± 0.13	− 1.77 ± 0.14	− 1.75 ± 0.13	− 1.8 ± 0.26	− 1.77 ± 0.16
Ex	− 2.94 ± 0.19 **	− 3.89 ± 0.28 ,,**, #	− 2.96 ± 0.25 **	− 2.75 ± 0.18 **	− 2.95 ± 0.22 **	− 2.9 ± 0.34 **

Values were mean ± SEM. Values were mean ± SEM. RA in Dia, when RV in the systolic phase; RA in Sys, when RV in the diastolic phase. HIIT, high-intensity interval training group; MICT, moderate-intensity continuous training group; CTL, control group; Rt, at rest; Ex, during exercise; Post, postintervention; Pre, preintervention. *P < 0.05, Pre- vs Post-; **P < 0.05, Rt vs Ex; ***P < 0.05, HIIT vs MICT; # p < 0.05, HIIT or MICT vs CTL.

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