Table 1 VISUAL score of combined analytical biomarkers at diagnosis.

From: Variable immunodeficiency score upfront analytical link (VISUAL), a proposal for combined prognostic score at diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency

Point value

1

2

3

4

smB lymphocytes (%)

Normal

 < 6%

 < 2%

 < 1%

IgA (g/L)

Normal-2SD

 < 2SD

–

 < 0.07

IgM (g/L)

–

–

–

 > 230

Specific Ab responses

Normal

Altered only polysaccharide or only protein responses

–

Altered polysaccharide and protein responses

CD4+ T-lymphocytes (/µL)

700–1500

500–700

200–500

 < 200

  1. The VISUAL score was designed based on combined immunological biomarkers at CVID diagnosis retrospectively to our cohort of CVID patients. Only those variables that proved to be statistically significant in the multivariable tests (ANOVA) for severity score were included. smB lymphocytes, IgA, specific Ab responses, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, and increase in serum IgM were scored from 1 to 4 according to the magnitude of the alteration.
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