Figure 2

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) for evaluation of covariates selection in the analysis of effects of HAP on child mortality. HAP is exposure, and child mortality is the outcome. The minimal and sufficient adjustment set contains child age, child sex, breastfeeding status, maternal education, household wealth quintiles, urbanicity, geographic region, preceding birth interval, and season. This figure was constructed through DAGitty (http://www.dagitty.net).