Table 1 Key information about the study participants, exposure, and outcome variables.
Demographics of mothers | Frequency (n = 3249) | Weighted percentage (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Mean age in years (mean ± SD) | 3249 | 31.1 (± 6.0) |
Mean weight in kilograms (mean ± SD) | 3249 | 53.9 (± 10.9) |
Mean years of education (mean ± SD) | 3249 | 4.4 (± 3.5) |
Demographics of under-five children | ||
Mean age in years (mean ± SD) | 3249 | 2.1 (± 1.4) |
Girls | 1559 | 47.6 (45.4–49.8) |
Types of cooking fuels | ||
Electricity | 675 | 20.8 (18.2–23.7) |
Liquid petroleum gas + natural gas | 14 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) |
Charcoal | 522 | 16.1 (14.0–18.4) |
Wood | 1966 | 60.5 (56.9–64.0) |
Agricultural crop | 40 | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) |
Coal, lignite + straw/shrubs/grass + others | 32 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
Cooking place | ||
Indoor | 2099 | 65.1 (62.0–68.1) |
Separate building | 763 | 23.7 (21.0–26.5) |
Outdoors | 362 | 11.2 (9.9–12.7) |
Exposure to household air pollution | ||
Solid fuel use | 2560 | 78.8 (75.8–81.5) |
Clean fuel use | 689 | 21.2 (18.5–24.2) |
Indoor solid fuel use | 1579 | 62.3 (58.7–65.7) |
Levels of exposure to household air pollution | ||
Unexposed | 689 | 22.4 (19.1–26.1) |
Moderate exposure | 956 | 29.9 (26.8–33.0) |
High exposure | 1579 | 47.7 (43.9–51.6) |
Outcomes | ||
Neonatal mortality per 1000 live births | 89 | 26.0 (19.0–35.0) |
Infant mortality per 1000 live births | 144 | 45.0 (35.0–57.0) |
Under-five mortality per 1000 live births | 158 | 49.0 (38.0–62.0) |
