Table 4 Interactions between smoking status and genetic predisposition on dementia risk.

From: Interaction between genetic predisposition, smoking, and dementia risk: a population-based cohort study

Variables

Additive interaction effect

Multiplicative interaction effect

RERI

(95% CI)

AP

(95% CI)

S

(95% CI)

HR

(95% CI)

P value

P value for interaction

Smoking status * number of APOE ε4 alleles

0.002

Never * zero

Reference

Reference

Previous * one

 − 0.11

(− 0.63–0.40)

 − 0.04

(− 0.21–0.14)

0.95

(0.74–1.21)

0.82

(0.66–1.03)

0.09

Current * one

 − 0.85

(− 1.84–0.13)

 − 0.30

(− 0.71–0.12)

0.68

(0.42–1.11)

0.54

(0.36–0.80)

0.002

Previous * two

2.00

(− 0.80–4.81)

0.20

(− 0.05–0.44)

1.28

(0.91–1.79)

1.00

(0.71–1.41)

0.99

Current * two

 − 0.93

(− 5.95–4.10)

 − 0.12

(− 0.82–0.58)

0.88

(0.43–1.81)

0.53

(0.27–1.05)

0.07

Smoking status * polygenic risk category

0.25

Never * low

Reference

Reference

Previous * middle

0.24

(− 0.08–0.56)

0.16

(− 0.07–0.39)

2.03

(0.38–10.93)

1.19

(0.87–1.63)

0.29

Current * middle

 − 0.05

(− 0.77–0.67)

 − 0.03

(− 0.51–0.44)

0.91

(0.26–3.24)

0.92

(0.54–1.57)

0.77

Previous * high

0.26

(− 0.16–0.68)

0.15

(− 0.09–0.40)

1.58

(0.60–4.16)

1.17

(0.82–1.67)

0.39

Current * high

0.49

(− 0.43–1.41)

0.22

(− 0.15–0.58)

1.62

(0.59–4.44)

1.17

(0.66–2.08)

0.58

  1. HR, hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction; AP, attributable proportion; S, synergy index; RERI = 0; AP = 0; S = 1: no interaction; RERI > 0; AP > 0; S > 1: positive interaction; RERI < 0; AP < 0; S < 1: negative interaction.
  2. Dash “–”: not applicable. P value for interaction: results from likelihood ratio test to compare the reduced model excluding interaction term with the full model including the term. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, deprivation quantile, BMI, parental dementia status, and 5 principal components of ancestry.