Table 1 GEO analysis results.

From: TXNDC2 joint molecular marker is associated with testis pathology and is an accurate predictor of sperm retrieval

GEO accession number (number of samples)

Pathology (number of samples)

Gene name

SVA

Limma

Effect size

FDR

Effect size

FDR

GSE145467 (16)

GSE45885 (30)

GSE108886 (12)

GSE14310 (4)

Unknown vs. norm_oa (8 vs. 19)

TXNDC2

− 2.93896

1.14E−09

− 4.24932

1.44E−15

PRM1

− 5.20465

1.91E−10

− 5.36864

1.99E−10

PRM2

− 4.80788

2.12E−09

− 5.15656

3.60E−10

TNP1

− 5.89948

1.09E−11

− 7.0504

6.48E−16

SCOS vs. norm_oa (7 vs. 19)

TXNDC2

− 2.36736

7.16E−07

− 2.42145

7.86E−07

PRM1

− 4.22982

1.59E−07

− 4.28438

5.89E−07

PRM2

− 3.97574

6.48E−07

− 3.98456

1.77E−06

TNP1

− 4.76556

1.86E−08

− 4.75112

8.32E−09

Pre vs. norm_oa (5 vs. 19)

TXNDC2

− 1.85791

0.000951

− 2.01963

0.000557

PRM1

− 5.48043

3.84E−08

− 5.71566

6.07E−08

PRM2

− 5.08952

2.22E−07

− 5.35397

1.81E−07

TNP1

− 5.95316

1.25E−08

− 5.94338

4.08E−09

Mei vs. norm_oa (12 vs. 19)

TXNDC2

− 1.8668

1.12E−05

− 1.98834

3.97E−06

PRM1

− 4.40475

3.15E−09

− 4.54281

5.81E−09

PRM2

− 4.25746

8.18E−09

− 4.41748

7.07E−09

TNP1

− 4.72509

1.13E−09

− 4.78687

1.50E−10

Post vs. norm_oa (11 vs. 19)

TXNDC2

− 0.64269

0.482129

− 0.99323

0.113607

PRM1

− 0.67478

0.727302

− 0.73242

0.669765

PRM2

− 0.67873

0.725413

− 0.95463

0.506082

TNP1

− 0.9204

0.602481

− 1.3407

0.227524

SCOS vs. norm_oa

(7 vs. 7)

TXNDC8

− 1.52593

4.46E−05

− 1.59405

3.97E−05

Pre vs. norm_oa (5 vs. 7)

− 1.71766

8.23E−05

− 1.79352

8.63E−05

Mei vs. norm_oa (12 vs. 7)

− 1.48322

4.45E−05

− 1.55205

4.53E−05

Post vs. norm_oa (11 vs. 7)

− 0.60822

0.2240309

− 0.65034

0.21628

  1. GSE145467, GSE45885, GSE108886 and GSE14310 were analyzed. Normal spermatogenesis was compared with different pathologies of azoospermia including SCOS and meiotic arrests. Gene names were according to Hugo nomenclature outline. Expression fold changes are Log2 scaled (Log2FC) according to the limma and SVA packages. Absolute FC was calculated based on Log2FC. False discovery rate (FDR) is Benjamini Hochberg correction of the p-values. Pathology represents mei: meiotic arrest, norm_oa: normal spermatogenesis or obstructive azoospermia, oligo: oligospermia, post: post meiotic arrest, pre: pre meiotic arrest, SCOS: Sertoli cell-only syndrome, unknown: azoospermia with unknown pathology. Gene name represents TXNDC2: Thioredoxin Domain Containing 2, TXNDC8: Thioredoxin Domain Containing 8, PRM1: Protamine 1, PRM2: Protamine 2, TNP1: Transition Protein 1s.