Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Tropical cyclones cumulatively control regional carbon fluxes in Everglades mangrove wetlands (Florida, USA)

Figure 1

Conceptual diagram showing the impact of tropical cyclones on the mangrove forest canopy and hydrology along the Shark River Estuary. Wind velocity either causes different degrees of canopy defoliation or increases litterfall (i.e., EXS, excess litterfall) that accumulates in the soil (see Methods for EXS value estimation). Depending on the local hydroperiod, surface soil litterfall can be redistributed throughout the mangrove forest or exported to adjacent estuarine waters depending on the maximum water level and storm surge/tide duration. Cat-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and TS (Tropical Storm) (Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) are storms with different Integrated Kinetic Energy (IKE) (terajoules; see Methods for explanation). Symbols are from Odum’s Energy Systems Language and the Integration and Application Network; https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5545893; https://ian.umces.edu/symbols).

Back to article page