Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 according to hospital readmission.
From: Frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of hospital readmissions of COVID-19 patients
Characteristics | No readmission n = 6839 | Missing | Readmission n = 298 | Missing | p | Overall missing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||||
Age (median, IQR) | 65 (53–75) | 4 (0,1%) | 74 (60–83) | 1 (0,3%) | < 0.001 | 5 (0.1%) |
Obesity (n, %) | 1297 (19.0) | 640 (9.3%) | 70 (23.5) | 23 (7.7%) | 0.054 | 663 (9.2%) |
Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (mean, SD) | 3.0 (2.4) | 231 (3.4%) | 4.4 (2.7) | 9 (3.0%) | < 0.001 | 240 (3.4%) |
Male gender (n, %) | 3849 (56.3) | 0 | 173 (58.0) | 0 | 0.562 | 0 |
Ethnicity (n, %) | ||||||
Caucasian | 5878 (85.8) | 0 | 259 (86.9) | 0 | 0.594 | 0 |
Black | 36 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Hispanic | 684 (10.0) | 29 (9.7) | ||||
Asian | 41 (0.6) | 2 (0.7) | ||||
Other | 80 (1.3) | 1 (0.3) | ||||
Unknown | 120 (1.8) | 7 (2.4) | ||||
Comorbidity (n, %) | ||||||
Hypertension | 3081 (45.1) | 3 (< 0.1%) | 166 (55.7) | 0 | < 0.001 | 3 (< 0.1%) |
Diabetes | 1113 (16.3) | 0 | 64 (21.1) | 0 | 0.029 | 0 |
Cardiovascular disease | 833 (12.2) | 458 (6.7%) | 72 (24.2) | 19 (6.4%) | < 0.001 | 477 (6.6%) |
Asthma | 554 (8.1) | 3 (< 0.1%) | 37 (12.4) | 0 | 0.008 | 3 (< 0.1%) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 364 (5.3) | 0 | 42 (14.1) | 0 | < 0.001 | 0 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 349 (5.1) | 265 (3.9%) | 25 (8.4) | 5 (1.7%) | 0.012 | 270 (3.8%) |
HIV infection | 58 (0.8) | 30 (0.4%) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0.341 | 30 (0.4%) |
Solid tumor | 467 (6.8) | 29 (0.4%) | 29 (9.7) | 0 | 0.049 | 29 (0.4%) |
Hematologic malignancies | 112 (1.6) | 0 | 5 (1.7) | 0 | 0.645 | 0 |
Immunosuppression | 225 (3.3) | 26 (0.4%) | 7 (2.4) | 0 | 0.394 | 26 (0.4%) |
End-stage kidney failure (dialysis) | 45 (0.7) | 52 (0.7%) | 6 (2.0) | 2 (0.7%) | 0.001 | 54 (0.7%) |
Chronic hepatopathy | 227 (3.3) | 0 | 17 (5.7) | 0 | 0.029 | 0 |
Dementia | 427 (6.2) | 20 (0.3%) | 39 (13.1) | 0 | < 0.001 | 20 (0.3%) |
Hospital admission characteristics | ||||||
Acquisition (n,%) | ||||||
Community | 6469 (94.6) | 0 | 269 (90.3) | 0 | 0.001 | 0 |
Long-term care facility | 370 (5.4) | 0 | 29 (9.7) | 0 | 0.001 | 0 |
Duration of symptoms (median, IQR) | 7 (4–10) | 84 (1.2%) | 5 (3–8) | 3 (1.0%) | < 0.001 | 87 (1.2%) |
Length of index hospital stay | 9 (6–14) | 5 (< 0.1%) | 9 (6–15) | 0 | 0.461 | 5 (< 0.1%) |
ICU admission | 390 (5.7) | 0 | 12 (4.0) | 0 | 0.219 | 0 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (mean, SD) | 129.0 (20.3) | 356 (5.2%) | 131.6 (23.9) | 13 (4.4%) | 0.038 | 369 (5.2%) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg (mean, SD) | 75.0 (12.7) | 360 (5.3%) | 72.9 (13.6) | 15 (5.0%) | 0.009 | 375 (5.2%) |
Temperature, °C (mean, SD) | 37.1 (1.0) | 246 (3.6%) | 37.1 (0.9) | 8 (2.7%) | 0.660 | 242 |
Radiological pattern (n,%)* | ||||||
Ground-glass opacity | 4236 (61.9) | 75 (1.1%) | 149 (50.0) | 5 (1.7%) | < 0.001 | 80 (1.1%) |
Pleural effusion | 218 (3.2) | 76 (1.1%) | 15 (5.0) | 7 (2.3%) | 0.086 | 83 (1.2%) |
Consolidation | 3228 (47.2) | 87 (1.3%) | 112 (37.6) | 5 (1.7%) | 0.006 | 92 (1.3%) |
