Table 4 Comparison of emission rates (in particles/sec) and particle concentrations (in particles/cm3) determined in this study with previously reported data.
From: Aerosol emission in professional singing of classical music
Condition | This study (particles/sec) | This study (particles/cm3) | Alsved et al.13 (particles/sec) | Gregson et al.14 (particles/cm3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breathing | 5 | 0.05 | 135 | 0.28 | \(\le \)0.02 | 0.098 |
Speaking | ||||||
Normal loudn. | 66 | 0.31 | 270 | 0.1 | \(\approx \)0.07 | 0.32–1.088 |
Medium loudn. | – | – | – | 0.22 | \(\approx \)0.18 | – |
Loud | – | – | 570 | 1.3 | \(\approx \)0.32 | – |
Singing | ||||||
Normal loudn. | – | – | 690 | 0.19 | – | – |
Medium loudn. | 1537 | 7.32 | 980 | 0.52 | – | – |
Loud | – | – | – | 2.0 | – | – |
Exaggerated loudn. | – | – | 1480 | – | – | – |
Sustained phonation | ||||||
Piano | 59 | 0.28 | – | – | – | – |
Mezzo-forte | 589 | 2.80 | – | – | – | – |
Forte | 2472 | 11.77 | – | 0.91 | – | – |
