Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis for predicting higher T stage according to various clinical parameters.

From: Tumor heterogeneity evaluated by computed tomography detects muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma that is associated with inflammatory tumor microenvironment

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

95% CI

p value

Hydronephrosis

 Mild

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 Severe

3.667

1.421–9.788

0.0071

4.838

1.462–17.96

0.0094

Urine cytology

 Negative

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 Positive

4.714

1.804–13.59

0.0013

7.729

2.358–30.62

0.0005

Median CT value (HU)

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

2.478

1.008–6.335

0.0481

1.287

0.396–4.129

0.6705

Standard deviation

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

5.914

2.249–17.20

0.0002

9.963

2.959–40.94

0.0001

Skewness

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

1.240

0.508–3.040

0.6351

0.847

0.250–2.752

0.7831

Kurtosis

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

0.940

0.383–2.290

0.891

0.837

0.250–2.723

0.7669

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CT computed tomography, HU Hounsfield unit.
  2. The significance of bold means p < 0.05.
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