Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study population.
Physical characteristics of the subjects | Baseline resting heart rate (quartiles) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (36–64) | 2 (65–70) | 3 (71–78) | 4 (79–129) | ||
Age (years) | 29.5 ± 3.11 | 32 ± 3.33 | 34.6 ± 7.0 | 32.52 ± 5.08 | 0.097 |
Weight (kg) | 97.7 ± 11.9 | 89.6 ± 17.77 | 88.0 ± 13.64 | 82.2 ± 18.0 | 0.048 |
Height (cm) | 178.9 ± 9.2 | 168.2 ± 12.6 | 166.9 ± 10.1 | 160.6 ± 8.3 | ≤ 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 ± 2.74 | 31.7 ± 4.37 | 31.5 ± 4.0 | 32.6 ± 5.7 | 0.030 |
Waist circumference (inch) | 35.8 ± 3.34 | 35.9 ± 6.05 | 37.9 ± 6.3 | 37.8 ± 6.1 | 0.576 |
Hip circumference (inch) | 42.4 ± 3.72 | 42.5 ± 4.87 | 43.2 ± 2.6 | 43.9 ± 5.4 | 0.0720 |
Waist to hip ratio | 0.84 ± 0.081 | 0.83 ± 0.10 | 0.88 ± 0.16 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.7849 |
Waist to hight ratio | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.048 | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.3571 |
Fat % | 33.6 ± 3.92 | 31.6 ± 2.5 | 31.1 ± 5.02 | 31.7 ± 3.06 | 0.797 |
BP/systolic (mmHg) | 106 ± 9.53 | 111.7 ± 13.9 | 112.7 ± 9.5 | 108.6 ± 6.9 | 0.983 |
BP/diastolic (mmHg) | 58.0 ± 7.8 | 64.9 ± 6.85 | 70.36 ± 9.38 | 70.6 ± 8.13 | ≤ 0.0001 |
Serum metabolic markers | |||||
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.8 ± 0.46 | 5.0 ± 0.59 | 5.56 ± 0.85 | 5.78 ± 0.585 | 0.992 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.73 ± 0.29 | 0.88 ± 0.20 | 1.17 ± 0.58 | 1.24 ± 0.36 | 0.0024 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.96 ± 0.732 | 4.95 ± 0.473 | 4.83 ± 0.977 | 5.13 ± 0.877 | 0.0047 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.29 ± 0.265 | 1.47 ± 0.35 | 1.37 ± 0.347 | 1.58 ± 0.344 | 0.1373 |
Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.79 ± 0.81 | 3.76 ± 0.93 | 3.46 ± 0.96 | 3.5 ± 1.05 | 0.1351 |
Insulin Con. (mu/l) | 2.36 ± 1.17 | 1.70 ± 1.33 | 1.42 ± 0.72 | 1.88 ± 1.33 | 0.2388 |
HOMA-IR | 0.52 ± 0.24 | 0.36 ± 0.314 | 0.353 ± 0.23 | 0.47 ± 0.29 | 0.3156 |
