Figure 2
From: Divergent reflections around the photon sphere of a black hole

Angle of rotation for simulated light-rays as a function of deviations from the equilibrium (in dimensionless units with \(\delta _0 = l/R_s\)) with \(\phi =0\) representing unbent light-rays. For both small positive and negative perturbations a clear exponential relation to \(\phi\) is visible.