Table 1 Baseline characteristics of sociodemographic factors according to survival status during 8.3 years of follow-up.

From: Renal markers and risks of all cause and cardiovascular mortality from the Taichung community based cohort study

Characteristic

Overall (N = 4883)

Alive (N = 4427)

Dead (N = 456)

p-value

Age (years)

56.13 ± 15.75

54.40 ± 15.12

72.84 ± 11.36

< 0.001

Age group (years) (no. [%])

< 0.001

 ≤ 65

3308 (67.75)

3208 (72.46)

100 (21.93)

 

 > 65

1575 (32.25)

1219 (27.54)

356 (78.07)

 

Gender

< 0.001

Men

2351 (48.15)

2035 (45.97)

316 (69.30)

 

Women

2532 (51.85)

2392 (54.03)

140 (30.70)

 

Education attainment level

< 0.001

Below elementary school

1027 (21.03)

845 (19.09)

182 (39.91)

 

Junior high school

509 (10.42)

456 (10.30)

53 (11.62)

 

High school

1235 (25.29)

1146 (25.89)

89 (19.52)

 

Junior college

775 (15.87)

710 (16.04)

65 (14.25)

 

Beyond University

1337 (27.38)

1270 (28.69)

67 (14.69)

 

Marital status

< 0.001

Single

642 (13.15)

631 (14.25)

11 (2.41)

 

Married

3548 (72.66)

3222 (72.78)

326 (71.49)

 

Widowed

459 (9.40)

352 (7.95)

107 (23.46)

 

Divorced

210 (4.30)

200 (4.52)

10 (2.19)

 

Separated

24 (0.49)

22 (0.50)

2 (0.44)

 

Smoking habits

< 0.001

Never

3720 (76.18)

3439 (77.68)

281 (61.62)

 

Past

477 (9.77)

382 (8.63)

95 (20.83)

 

Current

686 (14.05)

606 (13.69)

80 (17.54)

 

Alcohol consumption

< 0.001

Never

3760 (77.00)

3445 (77.82)

315 (69.08)

 

Past

201 (4.12)

155 (3.50)

46 (10.09)

 

Current

922 (18.88)

827 (18.68)

95 (20.83)

 

Sleep hours (hour/day)

7.06 ± 1.37

7.01 ± 1.29

7.50 ± 1.97

< 0.001

Sitting hours (hour/day)

7.71 ± 3.82

7.78 ± 3.84

7.00 ± 3.63

< 0.001

Leisure activity (MET-hour/week)a

315.53 ± 2524.25

293.24 ± 2609.98

531.75 ± 1433.92

0.243

Leisure activity group (No. [%])a

0.126

No regular activity

1756 (36.15)

1607 (36.49)

149 (32.82)

 

Regular activity

3102 (63.85)

2797 (63.51)

305 (67.18)

 

Heart disease

< 0.001

Yes

647 (13.25)

501 (11.32)

146 (32.02)

 

No

4236 (86.75)

3926 (88.68)

310 (67.98)

 

Cerebrovascular disease

< 0.001

Yes

152 (3.11)

96 (2.17)

56 (12.28)

 

No

4731 (96.89)

4331 (97.83)

400 (87.72)

 

Hypertensiona

 < 0.001

Yes

1380 (28.31)

1153 (26.09)

227 (49.89)

 

No

3495 (71.69)

3267 (73.91)

228 (50.11)

 

Hyperlipidemiaa

0.172

Yes

1019 (20.96)

936 (21.24)

83 (18.28)

 

No

3842 (79.04)

3471 (78.76)

371 (81.72)

 

Diabetesa

< 0.001

Yes

481 (9.86)

377 (8.52)

104 (22.86)

 

No

4398 (90.14)

4047 (91.48)

351 (77.14)

 

Gouta

< 0.001

Yes

409 (8.38)

335 (7.57)

74 (16.23)

 

No

4472 (91.62)

4090 (92.43)

382 (83.77)

 

Cancer

< 0.001

Yes

160 (3.28)

126 (2.85)

34 (7.46)

 

No

4723 (96.72)

4301 (97.15)

422 (92.54)

 

Metabolic syndrome-related markers

Obesity indicators

BMI (kg/m2)

24.15 ± 3.59

24.17 ± 3.58

24.01 ± 3.65

0.279

WC (cm)

81.81 ± 10.32

81.51 ± 10.28

84.73 ± 10.28

< 0.001

WHR

0.85 ± 0.07

0.85 ± 0.07

0.88 ± 0.07

< 0.001

WHtR

0.51 ± 0.06

0.51 ± 0.06

0.53 ± 0.06

< 0.001

Blood pressure indicators

SBP (mmHg)

130.65 ± 20.86

129.21 ± 20.09

144.65 ± 22.93

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

77.81 ± 11.67

77.56 ± 11.48

80.15 ± 13.20

< 0.001

PP (mmHg)

52.85 ± 14.90

51.65 ± 14.13

64.50 ± 17.01

< 0.001

MAP (mmHg)

95.42 ± 13.66

94.78 ± 13.34

101.65 ± 15.07

< 0.001

Blood lipids indicators

TG (mg/dL)

117.42 ± 86.56

116.80 ± 85.10

123.46 ± 99.58

0.149

HDL-C (mg/dL)

Men

42.68 ± 11.70

42.38 ± 11.09

44.65 ± 14.92

0.003

Women

52.33 ± 13.58

52.50 ± 13.55

49.41 ± 13.85

0.019

LDL-C (mg/dL)

121.06 ± 32.88

121.63 ± 32.92

115.48 ± 32.03

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

197.36 ± 37.07

197.88 ± 36.99

192.32 ± 37.50

0.002

Blood sugar indicator

FPG (mg/dL)

102.82 ± 25.97

101.76 ± 24.15

113.17 ± 38.04

< 0.001

Inflammation indicator

WBC (103/ul)

6.00 ± 1.66

5.97 ± 1.64

6.30 ± 1.85

< 0.001

Renal-related biomarkers

BUN (mg/dL)

12.87 ± 5.04

12.45 ± 4.27

16.89 ± 8.80

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

89.13 ± 20.88

91.39 ± 19.48

67.27 ± 21.33

< 0.001

UACR (mg/g)

35.61 ± 211.54

24.15 ± 120.86

146.87 ± 569.52

< 0.001

Arterial stiffness markers

baPWV (cm/s)

1.1656.30 ± 506.12

1602.67 ± 455.28

2176.92 ± 657.65

< 0.001

ABI

13 ± 0.10

1.13 ± 0.10

1.12 ± 0.11

0.135

Others makers

SGPT (IU/L)

25.87 ± 21.47

25.96 ± 21.71

25.02 ± 19.02

0.339

SGOT (IU/L)

25.44 ± 12.98

25.10 ± 12.59

28.77 ± 15.98

0.010

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.65 ± 1.42

5.60 ± 1.38

6.19 ± 1.65

< 0.001

  1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables.
  2. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR Waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, FAT body fat, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, PP pulse pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, FPG fasting plasma glucose, BUN blood urea nitrogen, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ABI ankle-brachial index, SGPT serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, SGOT serum glutamic-oxalocetic transaminase.
  3. aThere were 25 missing values in leisure activity group; 8 missing values in hypertension, 22 missing values in hyperlipidemia, 4 missing values in diabetes, and 2 missing values in gout.
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