Table 1 Findings of cholangioscopy-guided balloon-based endobiliary radiofrequency ablation in an animal model.
Animal no. | Specimen no. | Sacrificed (day) | Bile duct site ablated | Balloon size | Target temperature | Ablation time† | Impedance | Technical success | Confirmation of mucosal changes during the ablation on CS | Accuracy of the ablation area by CS | Complete internal circumference ablation | Length of ablation area (mm) | Depth of ablation area (mm) | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1–1 | 1 | Superior | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 60 ℃ | 60 s | 63 Ω | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 20.05 | 3.76 | None |
1–2 | 1 | Inferior | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 60 ℃ | 60 s | 63 Ω | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 21.05 | 3.81 | None | |
2 | 2–1 | 1 | Superior | 3.5 mm × 20 mm | (< 60 ℃)‡ | –‡ | 92 Ω | Yes | No | Yes | No | Not obvious | 0.21 | None |
2–2 | 1 | Inferior | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | (< 60 ℃)‡ | –‡ | 96 Ω | Yes | No | Yes | No | Not obvious | 0.84 | None | |
3 | 3–1 | 1 | Superior | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 70 ℃ | 60 s | 65 Ω | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 21.25 | 5.29 | None |
3–2 | 1 | Inferior | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 70 ℃ | 60 s | 60 Ω | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 23.10 | 4.85 | None | |
4 | 4–1 | 1 | Superior | 3.5 mm × 20 mm | 60 ℃ | 60 s | 68 Ω | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 20.07 | 3.10 | None |
4–2 | 1 | Middle | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 60 ℃ | 60 s | 64 Ω | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 20.01 | 4.39 | None | |
4–3 | 1 | Inferior | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 60 ℃ | 60 s | 56 Ω | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 22.04 | 2.23 | None | |
5 | 5–1 | 35 | Superior | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 60 ℃ | 60 s | 80 Ω | Yes | Yes | - | Yes | 19.05§ | 1.85§ | None |
6 | 6–1 | 35 | Middle | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 60 ℃ | 60 s | 78 Ω | Yes | Yes | - | Yes | 20.05§ | 3.02§ | None |
7 | 7–1 | 35 | Superior | 6.0 mm × 20 mm | 60 ℃ | 60 s | 67 Ω | Yes | Yes | - | Yes | 21.00§ | 3.88§ | None |
