Table 2 Comparison of survival and deceased patients with heart failure.
Variables | Survival patients (n = 280) | Deceased patients (n = 131) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 61.2 ± 16.0 | 65.1 ± 15.4 | 0.022 |
Female | 118 (42.1%) | 65 (49.6%) | 0.167 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 4.6 | 27.9 ± 4.6 | < 0.001 |
Current smoker | 58 (20.7%) | 24 (18.3%) | 0.599 |
Current drinker | 42 (15.1%) | 19 (14.5%) | 1.000 |
Clinical features | |||
Prior history of HF | 199 (71.1%) | 96 (73.3%) | 0.643 |
HF duration (months) | 20.3 ± 6.5 | 20.7 ± 6.2 | 0.584 |
Acute/worsening chronic HF | 76 (27.1%) | 45 (34.4%) | 0.135 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 2819 (1467–5485) | 5720 (2813–10,000) | < 0.001 |
NYHA class, III–IV | 227 (81.1%) | 108 (82.4%) | 0.739 |
Serum selenium (µg/L) | 72.4 ± 25.9 | 59.4 ± 29.4 | < 0.001 |
Medical history | |||
Coronary artery diseas | 124 (44.3%) | 67 (51.1%) | 0.194 |
Myocardial infarction | 54 (19.3%) | 33 (25.2%) | 0.172 |
PCI | 27 (9.6%) | 21 (16.0%) | 0.060 |
CABG | 4 (1.4%) | 5 (3.8%) | 0.123 |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 34 (12.1%) | 19 (14.5%) | 0.506 |
Valvular heart disease | 23 (8.2%) | 16 (12.2%) | 0.197 |
Congenital heart disease | 1 (0.4%) | 3 (2.3%) | 0.063 |
Hypertension | 118 (42.1%) | 50 (38.2%) | 0.454 |
Diabetes mellitus | 73 (26.1%) | 39 (29.8%) | 0.476 |
CKD | 20 (7.1%) | 20 (15.3%) | 0.012 |
Prior history of HF | 199 (71.1%) | 96 (73.3%) | 0.724 |
AF | 76 (62.8%) | 45 (37.2%) | 0.163 |
Echocardiography findings | |||
IVST (mm) | 10.0 (9.0–10.0) | 10.0 (9.0–11.0) | 0.291 |
PWT (mm) | 9.0 (9.0–10.0) | 9.0 (9.0–10.0) | 0.079 |
LVDv (mL) | 154.0 (106.3–204.0) | 168.0 (109.0–236.0) | 0.130 |
LVSv (mL) | 77.0 (43.0–128.8) | 101.0 (47.0–137.0) | 0.196 |
LVEF (%) | 48.0 (36.0–60.0) | 46.0 (35.0–59.0) | 0.604 |
LAD (mm) | 40.0 (36.0–45.0) | 43.0 (38.0–50.0) | 0.001 |
Medications, n (%) | |||
Beta-blocker | 184 (65.7%) | 74 (56.5%) | 0.080 |
CCB | 67 (23.9%) | 27 (20.6%) | 0.529 |
Statins | 145 (51.8%) | 44 (33.6%) | 0.001 |
ARB | 88 (31.4%) | 37 (28.2%) | 0.566 |
ACE-I | 109 (38.9%) | 37 (28.2%) | 0.036 |
Diuretics | 167 (59.6%) | 80 (61.1%) | 0.783 |
