Figure 1

Flowcharts illustrating the experimental protocol. In the first part of the study, normal saline was instilled into the femoral artery and the cardiorespiratory (CVR) responses were recorded. In the second part of the study, histamine in three different concentrations was instilled in different groups of rats and the CVR responses were recorded. In the third part of the study, 10 mM of histamine (optimal dose from concentration–response experiments) was instilled intra-arterially (i.a) after ipsilateral sciatic and femoral neurotomy (NX), bilateral vagotomy (VagX) and pre-treatment with lignocaine (+Ligno) in different groups of rats and the CVR responses were recorded.