Figure 3
From: Methylene blue can act as an antidote to pesticide poisoning of bumble bee mitochondria
MB restored mitochondrial membrane potential on glutamate + pyruvate (ETC complex I substrate) after dissipation by fenazaquin (A), pyridaben (B), tolfenpyrad (C), and hydramethylnon (D). Chlorfenapyr uncoupled mitochondrial respiration on both glutamate + pyruvate (E) and α-glycerophosphate (F); 2,4-DNP, 2,4-dinitrophenol. Pesticides, MB and mitochondria were directly added to the cuvette. MB was added to the concentration of 2 μM. The concentration of the pesticide in cuvette see in Table 1, n = 6.
