Table 1 Baseline demographics, biomarker levels and cognitive outcomes in PD and control subjects.

From: Temporal trajectory of biofluid markers in Parkinson’s disease

 

Control

Total PD

High CSF Aβ1-42

Low CSF Aβ1-42

PDCU

PDCI

n

182

396

274

122

311

85

Age

60.6 ± 11.5

61.7 ± 9.7

61.5 ± 9.7

62.1 ± 9.8

60.91 ± 9.7

64.5 ± 9.5*

Sex (M:F)

115: 67

264: 132

181: 93

83: 39

204: 107

60:25:00

Education years

15.9 ± 2.9

15.5 ± 3.0

15.6 ± 2.9

15.5 ± 3.1

15.7 ± 3.0

15.1 ± 2.7

Disease duration

n.a

2.0 ± 2.0

2.0 ± 2.0

2.0 ± 2.1

2.0 ± 1.9

2.1 ± 2.4

APOE ε4 + (n)

45/166

98/360

52/198*

46/64

80/282

18/78

MDS-UPDRS III

n.a

21.3 ± 9.0

21.3 ± 8.8

21.4 ± 9.4

20.7 ± 8.7

23.5 ± 9.6*

H&Y stage (I/II/III)

n.a

169/225/2

119/154/1

50/71/1

136/174/1

33/51/1

CSF Aβ1-42

1022.6 ± 502.1

916.0 ± 414.8*

1094.7 ± 373.7*

514.6 ± 109.1

913.5 ± 416.3

925.0 ± 412.0

CSF α-syn

1701.3 ± 770.7

1528.7 ± 678.7*

1693.0 ± 686.9*

1173.0 ± 503.5

1512.3 ± 646.7

1588.7 ± 786.5

CSF t-tau

192.9 ± 80.4

170.5 ± 57.9

181.1 ± 53.9

144.2 ± 59.2

169.8 ± 56.5

173.0 ± 63.3

CSF p-tau

17.6 ± 8.5

15.0 ± 5.4*

15.5 ± 5.0*

13.3 ± 6.0

14.8 ± 5.2

15.6 ± 6.1

Serum NfL

12.4 ± 9.9

13.7 ± 11.8

13.7 ± 13.0

13.6 ± 8.7

13.5 ± 12.9

14.3 ± 6.3

MoCA

28.2 ± 1.1

27.1 ± 2.3*

27.1 ± 2.3

27.4 ± 2.2

28.1 ± 1.3

23.6 ± 1.7*

HVLT-DR

48.8 ± 11.0

44.8 ± 11.1*

44.9 ± 11.0

44.5 ± 11.4

46.2 ± 10.8

39.6 ± 10.7*

LNS

10.9 ± 2.6

10.6 ± 2.6

10.5 ± 2.7

10.7 ± 2.4

10.8 ± 2.6

9.5 ± 2.4*

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 for total PD vs. controls, low CSF Aβ1-42 vs. high CSF Aβ1-42, PDCU vs. PDCI.
  2. PDCU cognitively unimpaired PD; PDCI cognitively impaired PD patients; APOE apolipoprotein E; MDS-UPDRS III Movement Disorder Society sponsored Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III; H&Y stage Hoehn & Yahr stage; Aβ1-42 amyloid-β1-42; α-syn α-synuclein; t-tau total tau; p-tau = phosphorylated tau; NfL neurofilament light chain; MoCA total scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HVLT-DR delayed recall score in Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; LNS total scores of Letter-Number Sequencing test; n.a. not available.
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