Table 2 Results of multi-group structural equation model analysis.

Measure	Density	HC			ADHD-I			ADHD-C/H			χ²	df	p-value	Fit-measures CFI\|SRMR\|RMSEA	χ² difference test p-value (FDR-corr.)	Sig. pairs in Post-hoc χ² difference tests (Bonferroni-corr.)
Measure	Density	z	p-value	β	z	p-value	β	z	p-value	β	χ²	df	p-value	Fit-measures CFI\|SRMR\|RMSEA	χ² difference test p-value (FDR-corr.)
Right insula
Clustering	0.10	− 0.609	0.543	− 0.060	− 0.167	0.868	0.543	3.512	< 0.001	0.754	25.652	21	0.220	0.944\|0.880\|0.067	0.042	HC vs. ADHD-C/H ADHD-I vs. ADHD-C/H
	0.15	− 0.483	0.629	− 0.246	− 1.453	0.146	− 0.246	3.308	0.001	0.735	26.140	21	0.201	0.939\|0.087\|0.071	0.035	HC vs. ADHD-C/H ADHD-I vs. ADHD-C/H
	0.20	1.539	0.124	0.172	− 2.110	0.035	− 0.366	3.293	0.001	0.734	23.578	21	0.314	0.970\|0.075\|0.050	0.012	HC vs. ADHD-I HC vs. ADHD-C/H ADHD-I vs. ADHD-C/H
	0.25	1.256	0.209	0.140	− 2.206	0.027	− 0.392	3.339	0.001	0.733	21.857	21	0.408	0.990\|0.063\|0.029	0.034	HC vs. ADHD-I HC vs. ADHD-C/H ADHD-I vs. ADHD-C/H
	Integrated	0.820	0.412	0.091	− 1.559	0.119	− 0.279	3.746	< 0.001	0.844	23.472	21	0.319	0.971\|0.075\|0.049	0.008	HC vs. ADHD-C/H ADHD-I vs. ADHD-C/H
Local efficiency	0.15	− 1.086	0.277	− 0.108	− 1.322	0.186	− 0.215	3.730	< 0.001	0.830	25.535	21	0.225	0.948\|0.084\|0.066	0.005	HC vs. ADHD-C/H ADHD-I vs. ADHD-C/H
	0.20	1.435	0.151	0.158	− 1.761	0.078	− 0.301	3.297	0.001	0.740	22.604	21	0.365	0.980\|0.073\|0.039	0.023	HC vs. ADHD-C/H ADHD-I vs. ADHD-C/H
	Integrated	0.424	0.672	0.046	− 1.259	0.208	− 0.222	3.919	< 0.001	0.882	23.693	21	0.308	0.969\|0.078\|0.051	0.005	HC vs. ADHD-C/H ADHD-I vs. ADHD-C/H

Significant results after FDR-correction are given for the SEM with local efficiency, clustering coefficient of the right insula. All but the last column refer to the three-group SEM with group-specific regression parameter estimates. Group-specific z-statistics for the relation between the latent emotion dysregulation variable and the topology measures, parameter-specific p-values (uncorrected), which were obtained by using the quotient of the estimates and their standard error as a test statistic, and β estimates of the completely standardized solution are displayed for significant density-integrated models and the corresponding density-specific models (as calculated with χ²-difference tests). The table also displays model-specific χ², degrees of freedom, p-values of the models, goodness-of-fit measures (CFI, SRMR, and RMSEA), p-values that are the result of χ² difference tests between the main models and the corresponding models with fixed regression parameters, and significant pairs of the post-hoc two-group SEM. Significant two-group differences mainly exist between the ADHD-C/H group and the other two groups.
ADHD-C/H: combined or predominantly impulsive/hyperactive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-I: predominately inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; HC: healthy controls.

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