Table 1 Circadian period of the sleep–wake cycle, heart rate, and intrinsic cardiovascular regulatory system.

From: Astronauts well-being and possibly anti-aging improved during long-duration spaceflight

Actigraphy

Before (n = 10)

ISS01 (n = 10)

ISS02 (n = 9)

After (n = 10)

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Period (h)

23.55

1.47

24.32

0.98

23.66

0.56

23.91

1.39

Amplitude (N/min)

152.92

50.20

145.88

42.66

144.58

44.83

138.63

79.46

Acrophse (hh:mm)

14:32

1:01

14:15

1:08

14:12

1:18

14:13

1:23

MESOR (N/min)

194.9

60.0

166.5

40.4

162.2*

39.7

168.7

72.6

Heart rate

Before (n = 10)

ISS01 (n = 10)

ISS02 (n = 10)

After (n = 8)

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Period (h)

23.52

1.99

24.15

1.85

23.33

1.91

25.11

2.28

Amplitude (bpm)

10.90

1.79

12.54##

2.78

12.77#

2.69

10.55

3.49

Acrophse (hh:mm)

14:39

1:07

15:04

1:19

14:13

1:33

15:40

2:12

MESOR (bpm)

69.32

6.84

71.53

6.60

73.94*

6.11

70.26

10.20

  1. *P < 0.05 vs. Before.
  2. #P < 0.05 vs. After, ##P < 0.01 vs. After.
  3. P-values not corrected for multiple testing.
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