Table 2 Values (mean ± SD) of USV call rate and of the acoustic variables of joint USVs and repeated measures ANOVA results for comparison between isolation and handling experimental stages.

From: Discomfort-related changes of call rate and acoustic variables of ultrasonic vocalizations in adult yellow steppe lemmings Eolagurus luteus

Acoustic variable

Isolation stage, N = 14; n = 14

Handling stage, N = 14; n = 14

ANOVA

USV call rate

2.10 ± 1.57

1.50 ± 1.61

F1,13 = 1.13; p = 0.31

fpeak (kHz)

32.26 ± 3.03

33.16 ± 3.65

F1,13 = 1.15; p = 0.30

q25 (kHz)

29.25 ± 2.06

31.06 ± 2.70

F1,13 = 11.12; p = 0.005

q50 (kHz)

32.94 ± 2.74

36.07 ± 1.98

F1,13 = 28.98; p < 0.001

q75 (kHz)

37.09 ± 2.33

42.59 ± 2.68

F1,13 = 46.33; p < 0.001

  1. Designations: N—the number of individuals; n—the number of joint USVs; USV call rate—the number of USVs per second; fpeak—the frequency of maximum amplitude; q25, q50, q75—the lower, the medium and the upper quartiles. Significant values are marked in bold.
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