Table 5 Values (mean ± SD) of the acoustic variables of single USVs with frequency jump and two-way ANOVA results for comparison between isolation and handling experimental stages.

From: Discomfort-related changes of call rate and acoustic variables of ultrasonic vocalizations in adult yellow steppe lemmings Eolagurus luteus

Acoustic variable

Isolation stage, N = 14; n = 141

Handling stage, N = 14; n = 160

ANOVA

Duration (ms)

31.38 ± 7.91

27.91 ± 8.91

F1,286 = 22.26; p < 0.001

f0max (kHz)

40.82 ± 4.77

47.03 ± 8.07

F1,286 = 57.18; p < 0.001

f0min (kHz)

25.84 ± 3.75

25.95 ± 4.90

F1,286 = 0.82; p = 0.37

f0beg (kHz)

29.19 ± 6.32

27.65 ± 6.23

F1,286 = 8.66; p = 0.004

f0end (kHz)

34.67 ± 5.17

40.39 ± 7.40

F1,286 = 84.99; p < 0.001

df0 (kHz)

14.99 ± 4.60

21.08 ± 6.70

F1,286 = 81.56; p < 0.001

fpeak (kHz)

31.89 ± 3.69

34.58 ± 4.13

F1,286 = 39.12; p < 0.001

q25 (kHz)

30.49 ± 2.85

32.65 ± 3.50

F1,286 = 40.86; p < 0.001

q50 (kHz)

33.38 ± 3.07

36.06 ± 3.36

F1,286 = 65.46; p < 0.001

q75 (kHz)

37.74 ± 4.38

41.63 ± 5.51

F1,286 = 58.82; p < 0.001

  1. Animal individual identity was introduced in model as random factor. Designations as in Table 3.
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