Table 2 Crude, population-level COVID-19 outcomes by sociodemographic characteristics, risk category and risk criteria.
From: Comparison of COVID-19 outcomes among shielded and non-shielded populations
Confirmed COVID-19 infection | COVID-19 hospitalisation | COVID-19 ICU admission | COVID-19 mortality | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative test/Not tested | Positive test | p value | Not admitted | Admitted | p value | Not admitted | Admitted | p value | Alive | Dead | p value | |
N = 1,311,723 | N = 3,348 | N = 1,313,410 | N = 1661 | N = 1,314,949 | N = 122 | N = 1,314,044 | N = 1027 | |||||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||||
Age group (years) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.0005 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||
0–24 | 356,944 (99.97) | 116 (0.03) | 357,041 (99.99) | 19 (0.01) | 357,060 (100.00) | 0 | 357,060 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||||
25–44 | 413,123 (99.87) | 532 (0.13) | 413,532 (99.97) | 123 (0.03) | 413,643 (100.00) | 12 (0.00) | 413,647 (100.00) | 8 (0.00) | ||||
45–64 | 343,856 (99.69) | 1072 (0.31) | 344,409 (99.85) | 519 (0.15) | 344,846 (99.98) | 82 (0.02) | 344,838 (99.97) | 90 (0.03) | ||||
≥ 65 | 197,800 (99.18) | 1628 (0.82) | 198,428 (99.50) | 1000 (0.50) | 199,400 (99.99) | 28 (0.01) | 198,499 (99.53) | 929 (0.47) | ||||
Sex | ||||||||||||
Male | 659,203 (99.79) | 1407 (0.21) | < 0.0001 | 659,781 (99.87) | 829 (0.13) | 0.81 | 660,525 (99.99) | 85 (0.01) | < 0.0001 | 660,092 (99.92) | 518 (0.08) | 0.92 |
Female | 652,250 (99.70) | 1941 (0.30) | 659,369 (99.87) | 832 (0.13) | 660,908 (99.99) | 37 (0.01) | 653,952 (99.92) | 509 (0.08) | ||||
Deprivation quintile | 0.0002 | < 0.0001 | 0.18 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||
1 (most deprived) | 466,582 (99.72) | 1301 (0.28) | 467,146 (99.84) | 737 (0.16) | 467,832 (99.99) | 51 (0.01) | 467,442 (99.91) | 441 (0.09) | ||||
2 | 232,710 (99.74) | 613 (0.26) | 233,041 (99.88) | 282 (0.12) | 233,302 (99.99) | 21 (0.01) | 233,181 (99.94) | 142 (0.06) | ||||
3 | 196,416 (99.77) | 461 (0.23) | 196,651 (99.89) | 226 (0.11) | 196,854 (99.99) | 23 (0.01) | 196,724 (99.92) | 153 (0.08) | ||||
4 | 174,939 (99.77) | 400 (0.23) | 175,143 (99.89) | 196 (0.11) | 175,329 (99.99) | 10 (0.01) | 175,209 (99.93) | 130 (0.07) | ||||
5 (most affluent) | 241,076 (99.76) | 573 (0.24) | 241,429 (99.91) | 220 (0.09) | 241,632 (99.99) | 17 (0.01) | 241,488 (99.93) | 161 (0.07) | ||||
Risk category | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||||||
Low | 934,049 (99.87) | 1190 (0.13) | 93,4839 (99.96) | 400 (0.04) | 935,174 (99.99) | 65 (0.01) | 935,155 (99.99) | 84 (0.01) | ||||
Moderate | 351,226 (99.47) | 1859 (0.53) | 35,2054 (99.71) | 1031 (0.29) | 353,033 (99.99) | 52 (0.01) | 352,282 (99.77) | 803 (0.23) | ||||
Shielded | 26,448 (98.88) | 299 (1.12) | 26,517 (99.14) | 230 (0.86) | 26,742 (99.98) | 5 (0.02) | 26,607 (99.48) | 140 (0.52) | ||||
Moderate risk criteria | ||||||||||||
Chronic respiratory disease | 151,414 (99.70) | 451 (0.30) | 0.0005 | 151,618 (99.84) | 247 (0.16) | < 0.0001 | 151,853 (99.99) | 12 (0.01) | 0.65 | 151,812 (99.97) | 53 (0.03) | < 0.0001 |
Heart disease | 48,176 (99.19) | 395 (0.81) | < 0.0001 | 48,325 (99.49) | 246 (0.51) | < 0.0001 | 48,564 (99.99) | 7 (0.01) | 0.34 | 48,456 (99.76) | 115 (0.24) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 159,267 (99.41) | 948 (0.59) | < 0.0001 | 159,670 (99.66) | 545 (0.34) | < 0.0001 | 160,189 (99.98) | 26 (0.02) | 0.003 | 159,991 (99.86) | 224 (0.14) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes | 63,903 (99.29) | 455 (0.71) | < 0.0001 | 64,063 (99.54) | 295 (0.46) | < 0.0001 | 64,335 (99.96) | 23 (0.04) | < 0.0001 | 64,263 (99.85) | 95 (0.15) | < 0.0001 |
Weakened immune system | 1183 (99.00) | 12 (1.00) | < 0.0001 | 1185 (99.16) | 10 (0.84) | < 0.0001 | 1195 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | – | 1189 (99.50) | 6 (0.50) | < 0.0001 |
≥ 70 years of age | 138,115 (98.96) | 1,453 (1.04) | < 0.0001 | 138,701 (99.38) | 867 (0.62) | < 0.0001 | 139,560 (99.99) | 8 (0.01) | 0.19 | 138,690 (99.37) | 878 (0.63) | < 0.0001 |
Shielded group | ||||||||||||
Severe respiratory disease | 17,981 (99.09) | 166 (0.91) | < 0.0001 | 18,012 (99.26) | 135 (0.74) | < 0.0001 | 18,146 (99.99) | < 5 | – | 18,059 (99.52) | 88 (0.48) | < 0.0001 |
Specific cancers | 2452 (98.43) | 39 (1.57) | < 0.0001 | 2462 (98.84) | 29 (1.16) | < 0.0001 | 2491 (100.00) | 0 | – | 2475 (99.36) | 16 (0.64) | < 0.0001 |
Pregnant, severe heart disease | < 5 | 0 | – | < 5 | 0 | – | < 5 | 0 | – | < 5 | 0 (0.00) | – |
Immunosuppressive therapy | 5285 (98.80) | 64 (1.20) | < 0.0001 | 5299 (99.07) | 50 (0.93) | < 0.0001 | 5346 (99.94) | < 5 | – | 5324 (99.53) | 25 (0.47) | < 0.0001 |
Solid organ transplant | 1228 (98.63) | 17 (1.37) | < 0.0001 | 1230 (98.80) | 15 (1.20) | < 0.0001 | 1244 (99.92) | < 5 | – | 1238 (99.44) | 7 (0.56) | < 0.0001 |
Rare diseases and IEM | 1729 (97.96) | 36 (2.04) | < 0.0001 | 1741 (98.64) | 24 (1.36) | < 0.0001 | 1764 (99.94) | < 5 | – | 1744 (98.81) | 21 (1.19) | < 0.0001 |
Renal dialysis | 445 (93.68) | 30 (6.32) | < 0.0001 | 457 (96.21) | 18 (3.79) | < 0.0001 | 475 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | – | 468 (98.53) | 7 (1.47) | < 0.0001 |
