Figure 3

Reference lines and points for cephalometric analysis. Horizontal reference plane (HRP) is line minus 7° from the Sella–Nasion line. Individual landmarks are as follows: sella (S), nasion (N), A point (A), B point (B), pogonion (Pog), menton (Me), root apex of the maxillary central incisor (U1r), tip of the maxillary central incisor (U1t), tip of the mandibular central incisor (L1t), root apex of the mandibular central Incisor (L1r), pronasale (Pn), subnasale (Sn), soft tissue A point (A′), labrale superioris (Ls), stomion superioris (Stms), stomion inferioris (Stmi), labrale inferioris (Li), soft tissue B point (B′), soft tissue pogonion (Pog′), soft tissue menton (Me′).