Figure 4
From: Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain
Changes in the rat brain due to whole-body or head-only blast exposure in the direct-mechanism study, as indicated by (A) GFAP-positive, (B) Iba-1-positive, (C) NeuN-positive, and (D) silver staining. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between blast-exposed (n = 10) and control (n = 4) groups. The bar heights and vertical line lengths represent the mean and one standard error of the mean (SEM), respectively. We determined per-animal estimates by averaging the values of the 12 coronal brain slices for each animal. For each group, we then determined the mean and SEM using the respective per-animal estimates. Lastly, for each staining assessment, we normalized the data from the blast-exposed groups (i.e., whole-body and head-only) by the data from their respective controls. We normalized the data for presentation purposes only. We conducted all statistical analyses using the raw data with their respective values. We did not find a statistically significant difference in any of the staining assessments between control and blast-exposed rats.
