Figure 5
From: Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain
Changes in the rat brain due to whole-body or torso-only blast exposure in the indirect-mechanism study, as indicated by (A) GFAP-positive, (B) Iba-1-positive, (C) NeuN-positive, and (D) silver staining. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between blast-exposed (n = 4) and control (n = 4) groups. The bar heights and vertical line lengths represent the mean and one standard error of the mean (SEM), respectively. We determined per-animal estimates by averaging the values of the 12 coronal brain slices for each animal. For each group, we then determined the mean and SEM using the respective per-animal estimates. Lastly, for each staining assessment, we normalized the data from the blast-exposed groups (i.e., whole-body and torso-only) by the data from their respective controls. We normalized the data for presentation purposes only. We conducted all statistical analyses using the raw data with their respective values.
