Table 1 Summary of relevant blast-wave parameters (mean ± one standard deviation) measured in the shock-tube experiments.
From: Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain
Measurement | Parameter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive phase | Negative phase | |||||
Peak overpressure (kPa) | Impulse (kPa∙ms) | Duration (ms) | Peak underpressure (kPa) | Impulse (kPa∙ms) | Duration (ms) | |
Direct mechanism: Whole body (n = 5) | ||||||
Incident | 130.2 ± 16.9 | 192.9 ± 35.9 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | − 33.1 ± 2.2 | − 117.0 ± 21.1 | 6.9 ± 0.2 |
Intracranial | 130.2 ± 8.1 | 186.5 ± 21.9 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | − 40.1 ± 7.2 | − 123.4 ± 33.4 | 6.9 ± 0.5 |
Carotid | 155.4 ± 35.6 | 218.5 ± 50.8 | 5.2 ± 0.7 | − 32.5 ± 5.9 | − 61.1 ± 18.8 | 5.4 ± 0.4 |
Direct mechanism: Head only (n = 5) | ||||||
Incident | 127.7 ± 19.5 | 220.2 ± 55.1 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | − 33.5 ± 4.4 | − 134.7 ± 28.1 | 7.3 ± 0.3 |
Intracranial | 118.5 ± 16.6 | 268.9 ± 56.2 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | − 47.9 ± 3.2 | − 125.2 ± 15.7 | 7.9 ± 0.4 |
Carotid | 67.1 ± 7.0 | 149.5 ± 23.3 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | − 35.9 ± 10.6 | − 96.6 ± 25.9 | 8.2 ± 0.7 |
Indirect mechanism: Whole body (n = 8) | ||||||
Incident | 133.1 ± 13.7 | 282.0 ± 34.6 | 6.9 ± 1.4 | – | – | – |
Intracranial | 114.8 ± 23.0 | 202.5 ± 75.3 | 5.9 ± 1.6 | – | – | – |
Carotid | 132.3 ± 16.1 | 230.3 ± 61.6 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | – | – | – |
Indirect mechanism: Torso only (n = 8) | ||||||
Incident | 133.2 ± 5.1 | 236.2 ± 12.6 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | – | – | – |
Intracranial | 24.3 ± 6.6 | 26.4 ± 4.6 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | – | – | – |
Carotid | 28.9 ± 5.5 | 55.9 ± 12.5 | 5.1 ± 1.6 | – | – | – |
