Figure 2
From: Faceting–roughening transition of a Cu grain boundary under electron-beam irradiation at 300 keV
Sequential HRTEM images showing microstructural evolution of a GB region under beam irradiation with a beam diameter of 50 nm corresponding to a current density of ~ 204 A cm–2. The region shown in this figure was included in the irradiation diameter of 50 nm. (a) An initially rough GB. For reference, the irradiation diameter and corresponding current density are specified side-by-side. (b–e) Time evolution of the boxed region in (a) during irradiation obtained by in situ observation. The elapsed irradiation time in the condition is labeled at the upper right corner of each figure. (Minutes and seconds are abbreviated as m and s, respectively.) (c–e) The GB reveals atomically sharp (0 1 0)//(1 –1 0) and {1 1 1} facets and its migration into [1 1 0]. See text for details of the plane notations. The vertical yellow dashed lines in the figures indicate the initial position of the GB shown in (c).
