Figure 4
From: Faceting–roughening transition of a Cu grain boundary under electron-beam irradiation at 300 keV
(a) Sequential HRTEM images showing microstructural evolution of GB region after irradiation with a beam diameter of 10 nm (~ 5093 A cm–2) for 1 min 30 s. The irradiation diameter of 10 nm is marked by a dashed circle. The GB region in (a) was subsequently irradiated at 50 nm (~ 204 A cm–2). (b–f) Time evolution of the boxed region in (a) at 50 nm, which was imaged during in situ observation, as for Fig. 2. The elapsed time at 50 nm is specified in the upper right corner of each figure. The vertical dashed lines in the figures indicate the initial position of the GB shown in (c).
