Figure 4
From: refineR: A Novel Algorithm for Reference Interval Estimation from Real-World Data
Comparison of reference intervals estimated with the refineR and kosmic algorithm using pediatric RWD to reference intervals published in literature. Each plot (a–f) shows for the indicated biomarker the estimated lower (left) and upper (right) reference limit obtained using refineR (blue) and kosmic (orange) in comparison to published reference intervals established using direct methods (grey)31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40. The squares represent the point estimates while the whiskers show the 95% confidence interval (* indicates 90% confidence interval). The lightgrey area illustrates the margin of variation of the different direct studies (meaning the range from the minimum lower confidence limit (or point estimate) to the maximum upper confidence limit (or point estimate)). Please note that age ranges between indirect methods and published direct methods do not perfectly match. The numeric values for the reference intervals can be found in Supplementary Table S8.
