Table 2 Total weed density and diversity indices (Shannon, Richness and Evenness) under climate-smart agriculture-based management practices during the different years.

From: Climate-smart agriculture practices influence weed density and diversity in cereal-based agri-food systems of western Indo-Gangetic plains

Scenario*

Total weed density (no. m−2)

Shannon H′

Richness Dmg

Evenness E

2012–2013

2016–2017

2019–2020

2012–2013

2016–2017

2019–2020

2012–2013

2016–2017

2019–2020

2012–2013

2016–2017

2019–2020

Sc1

59.10Aa

53.97A

49.60A

0.34A

0.30A

0.29A

0.19B

0.21C

0.22C

0.028A

0.025A

0.024A

Sc2

52.17A

38.60B

30.17B

0.30A

0.32A

0.33A

0.21B

0.30B

0.37BC

0.025A

0.026A

0.027A

Sc3

43.67B

35.13B

30.97B

0.33A

0.28A

0.31A

0.25A

0.32B

0.36BC

0.027A

0.024A

0.026A

Sc4

55.67A

33.03BC

22.90C

0.31A

0.34A

0.36A

0.20B

0.34B

0.48B

0.026A

0.028A

0.030A

Sc5

NA

32.07BC

17.35D

NA

0.34A

0.33A

NA

0.35B

0.67A

NA

0.028A

0.028A

Sc6

NA

25.13C

14.00D

NA

0.33A

0.34A

NA

0.45A

0.79A

NA-

0.028A

0.028A

  1. *Refer Table 1 for scenario description. aDifferent capital letters indicate the means that are significantly different among treatments (least significant difference; P < 0.05).