Table 2 Clinical characteristics and general biochemical assessments stratified by tertiles of serum Klotho (pg/mL) (A) or PBCs KL mRNA (a.u.) (B) levels.

From: Klotho as a biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease

A

Tertile 1 < 559 pg/mL

Tertile 2 559–730 pg/mL

Tertile 3 > 730 pg/mL

P value for trend

Characteristics

N

34

35

34

–

Age (years)

69.9 ± 6.8

64.9 ± 7.5

67.2 ± 8.6

0.031

Male (%)

16 (47)

18 (51.4)

15 (44.1)

0.635

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

140 (134–148)

140 (138–152)

140 (135.8–148.5)

0.356

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

90 (82–90)

88 (82–90)

85.5 (74–90.5)

0.32

Body mass index (kg/m2)

29 (26–31)

28 (25–31)

29.5 (28–31.3)

0.292

ABI

0.89 (0.84–0.94)

0.92 (0.87–1)

1.06 (0.99–1.13)

 < 0.001

CIMT (mm)

0.816 ± 0.092

0.758 ± 0.077

0.71 ± 0.065

 < 0.001

Comorbidities

sCVD (%)

25 (73.5)

17 (48.6)

2 (0.06)

 < 0.001

Diabetes mellitus (%)

16 (47.1)

15 (42.9)

10 (29.4)

0.371

Hypertension (%)

32 (94.1)

34 (97.1)

29 (85.3)

0.218

Current smokers (%)

16 (47.1)

14 (0.4)

6 (17.6)

 < 0.05

Dyslipidaemia (%)

25 (73.5)

25 (71.4)

27 (77.1)

0.235

Macroalbuminuria (%)

25 (73.5)

22 (62.9)

12 (35.3)

 < 0.01

Laboratory data

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

11.8 (11.3–12.1)

12 (11.4–12.4)

11.8 (11.3–12.3)

0.703

Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.87 (1.49–2.61)

1.8 (1.4–2.8)

1.9 (1.48–2.68)

0.542

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

36.7 (34.1–39.5)

39.4 (35.4–43.1)

38.62 (36.5–51.92)

0.096

UAE (mg/g)

1007 (238–1210)

359 (190–1240)

180 (117.3–534.5)

 < 0.001

Albumin (g/dL)

3.7 (3.5–4)

3.7 (3.4–3.9)

3.9 (3.7–4)

0.169

T-cholesterol (mg/dL)

181 (155–201)

156 (142–193)

179 (152–190)

0.359

HDL-C (mg/dL)

42 (38–46)

42 (36–45)

41.5 (34.5–46)

0.507

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

148.6 ± 35.9

143.3 ± 39.2

161.7 ± 46.2

0.267

Uric acid (mg/dL)

7.1 ± 7.2

6.21 ± 1.49

6.56 ± 1.51

 < 0.05

Glucose (mg/dL)

103.5 (85.2–145)

99 (79–140)

83.5 (75–120)

0.064

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.2 (8.9–9.7)

9.3 (9–10)

9.34 (8.98–9.8)

0.562

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

4.3 (3.8–4.9)

4.2 (3.8–4.9)

4.1 (3.8–5)

0.974

hs-CRP (mg/L)

6 (3.4–7.5)

4.87 (3.21–6.8)

6.23 (3.43–7.26)

0.283

TNFα (pg/mL)

15.9 (10.9–17.3)

15.6 (12.8–18.4)

15.1 (11.8–18.3)

0.764

IL6 (pg/mL)

7.1 (3.9–8.9)

4.4 (2.5–9)

3.1 (2.28–3.9)

 < 0.001

IL10 (pg/mL)

35 (29.1–40.7)

35.6 (25–48.3)

38.4 (23.1–55.4)

0.644

TNF mRNA (a.u.)

1.9 (1.5–2.63)

1.8 (1.4–2.3)

1.95 (1.6–2.9)

0.115

IL6 mRNA (a.u.)

1.9 (1.6–2.83)

1.9 (1.5–2.3)

1.75 (1.5–2.12)

0.525

IL10 mRNA (a.u.)

1.29 (1.14–1.39)

1.27 (1.06–1.39)

1.235 (1.1–1.34)

0.284

B

Tertile 1 < 1.7 a.u

Tertile 2 1.7–2.3 a.u

Tertile 3 > 2.3 a.u

P value for trend

Characteristics

N

32

36

35

–

Age (years)

67.6 ± 7.8

69.5 ± 7.3

64.9 ± 8

0.064

Male (%)

14 (43.8)

18 (50)

20 (57.5)

0.427

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

140 (134–148)

140 (138–149)

140 (136–152)

0.451

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

87 (82–91.5)

89 (82–90)

88 (82–92)

0.912

Body mass index (kg/m2)

28.5 (26–31)

29.5 (26.3–31)

29 (26–31)

0.894

ABI

0.89 (0.86–0.99)

0.905 (0.873–0.967)

1.06 (0.97–1.14)

 < 0.001

CIMT (mm)

0.799 ± 0.094

0.777 ± 0.079

0.72 ± 0.073

 < 0.01

Comorbidities

sCVD (%)

20 (62.5)

18 (50)

6 (45.7)

 < 0.001

Diabetes mellitus (%)

12 (37.5)

16 (44.4)

13 (37.1)

0.319

Hypertension (%)

29 (90.6)

34 (94.4)

32 (91.4)

0.223

Current smokers (%)

14 (43.8)

18 (50)

4 (11.4)

 < 0.05

Dyslipidaemia (%)

26 (81.3)

25 (69.4)

26 (74.3)

0.314

Macroalbuminuria (%)

26 (81.3)

20 (55.6)

13 (37.1)

 < 0.01

Laboratory data

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

11.8 (11.6–12.5)

11.8 (11.4–12.2)

11.8 (11.2–12.1)

0.557

Creatinine (mg/dl)

2.1 (1.5–2.6)

1.88 (1.42–2.65)

1.64 (1.4–2.8)

0.742

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

36.7 (34.3–41)

38.6 (35–39.6)

42.3 (38–54)

 < 0.001

UAE (mg/g)

800 (323–1185)

395 (180.5–1200)

214 (120–450)

 < 0.01

Albumin (g/dL)

3.7 (3.5–3.9)

.8 (3.6–4)

3.9 (3.4–4)

0.212

T-cholesterol (mg/dL)

179 (155–197)

165 (146.5–184)

180 (155–196)

0.518

HDL-C (mg/dL)

41.5 (35–42)

42 (39–46)

42 (37–46)

0.177

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

150.4 ± 30.6

151 (120.3–184.3)

145 (124–180)

0.88

Uric acid (mg/dL)

6.5 ± 1.44

6.74 ± 1.6

6.57 ± 1.39

0.778

Glucose (mg/dL)

92.5 (79.5–127)

96 (81–140.8)

87 (77–138)

0.613

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.1 (8.8–9.6)

9.2 (9–9.8)

9.4 (9–9.8)

0.293

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

4.4 (3.9–5)

4.2 (3.9–4.9)

7 (6.6–7.4)

0.244

hs-CRP (mg/L)

5.75 (3.92–7.32)

5.12 (3–7.3)

5.3 (3.2–7.1)

0.9

TNFα (pg/mL)

13.1 (10.9–17.7)

15.2 (12.7–16.3)

16.4 (12–19.7)

0.119

IL6 (pg/mL)

6.4 (3.6–9.3)

4.8 (3.43–7.78)

2.9 (2.4–3.9)

 < 0.001

IL10 (pg/mL)

30.9 (23.2–42.3)

38.2 (33–46.4)

36.1 (24.7–54)

0.115

TNF mRNA (a.u.)

1.8 (1.2–2.6)

1.8 (1.5–2.1)

2.1 (1.8–3)

 < 0.05

IL6 mRNA (a.u.)

1.95 (1.5–2.78)

1.8 (1.6–2.2)

1.8 (1.5–2.2)

0.339

IL10 mRNA (a.u.)

1.26 (1.2–1.4)

1.3 (1.1–1.4)

1.25 (1.14–1.39)

0.802

  1. BP blood pressure, ABI ankle-brachial index, CIMT carotid intima-media thickness, sCVD subclinical cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtrate rate, UAE urinary albumin excretion, T-cholesterol total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, TNFα tumor necrosis factor, IL interleukin.
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