Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 5506 prostate cancer patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at the Prostate Cancer Center Northwest, Gronau, Germany between 2006 and 2018 stratified according to the preoperative LUTS.

From: Improvement of quality of life and symptom burden after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in patients with moderate to severe LUTS

Value

All patients (n = 5506)

No or mild LUTS (n = 3201)

Moderate LUTS (n = 2014)

Severe LUTS (n = 291)

p-value

Age, years, median (IQR)

65

(60–70)

64

(59–69)

66

(61–71)

66

(61–71)

 ≥ 0.3a

BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR)

26.5

(24.6–28.7)

26.5

(24.7–28.7)

26.5

(24.5–28.7)

26.8

(24.5–29.1)

 ≥ 0.6a

Preoperative PSA, ng/ml, median (IQR)

7.3

(5.3–10.6)

7.2

(5.3–10.5)

7.3

(5.3–10.9)

7.3

(5.3–10.1)

 ≥ 0.2a

Prostate weight, g, median (IQR)

45

(36–58)

42

(34–53)

49

(39–64)

53

(42–67)

 ≥ 0.2a

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), n (%)

0

3243

59%

1945

61%

1142

57%

156

54%

0.003

1

1285

23%

731

23%

480

24%

74

25%

 

2

626

11%

341

11%

254

13%

31

11%

 

 ≥ 3

352

6.4%

184

5.8%

138

6.9%

30

10%

 

Preoperative IPSS score, median (IQR)

6

(3–11)

4

(2–5)

11

(9–14)

23

(21–25)

 ≥ 0.3a

Preoperative QoL score, median (IQR)

1

(1–2)

1

(0–1)

2

(1–3)

4

(3–5)

0.04b

         

 ≥ 0.7a

Preoperative alpha-blocker-therapy, n (%)

68

1.2%

21

0.7%

30

1.5%

17

5.8%

 < 0.001

Preoperative 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor therapy, n (%)

119

2.2%

47

1.5%

57

2.8%

15

5.2%

 < 0.001

Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy, n (%)

289

5.3%

142

4.4%

123

6.1%

24

8.3%

0.002

Surgical expertise, number of cases, median (IQR)

799

(190–2397)

786

(184–2440)

815

(201–2374)

742

(187–2007)

0.4a

Bladder neck reconstruction width, cm, median (IQR)

2

(2–3)

2

(2–3)

2

(2–3)

2

(2–3)

 ≥ 0.2a

Nerve sparing procedure, n (%)

None

193

3.5%

89

2.8%

78

3.9%

26

8.9%

 < 0.001

Unilateral

651

11.8%

373

11.7%

239

11.9%

39

13.4%

 

Bilateral

4662

84.7%

2739

85.6%

1697

84.3%

226

77.7%

 

Pathological ISUP grade, n (%)

1

1784

32%

988

31%

691

34%

105

36%

 < 0.001

2

1715

31%

1055

33%

577

29%

83

29%

 

3

1218

22%

742

23%

427

21%

49

17%

 

 ≥ 4

789

14%

416

13%

319

16%

54

19%

 

Pathological tumor stage, n (%)

pT2

3646

66%

2117

66%

1337

0.6639

192

66%

 < 0.001

pT3a

1323

24%

816

25%

451

22%

56

19%

 

 ≥ pT3b

537

10%

268

8.4%

226

11%

43

15%

 

Lymph node invasion, n (%)

402

7.3%

190

5.9%

182

9.0%

30

10.3%

 < 0.001

CAPRA-S risk group, n (%)

Low risk

2910

53%

1688

53%

1057

52%

165

57%

 < 0.001

Intermediate risk

1774

32%

1074

34%

630

31%

70

24%

 

High risk

822

15%

439

14%

327

16%

56

19%

 
  1. CAPRA-S: the Postsurgical Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Score; IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score; ISUP: International Society of Urological Pathology; LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms; QoL: quality of life.
  2. aDenotes insignificant p-values for each comparison between the LUTS severity categories, none or mild vs. moderate LUTS, none or mild vs. severe LUTS and moderate vs. severe LUTS. bComparison no or mild vs. moderate LUTS.
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