Table 2 Results from linear mixed model (P values) for predicted liver triacylglycerol (pTAG), portal vein area (PVA), portal vein depth (PVD) and liver depth (LD).

From: Associations between ultrasound measurements and hematochemical parameters for the assessment of liver metabolic status in Holstein–Friesian cows

Traitsa

dfb

pTAG, mg/g

PVA, mm2

PVD, mm

LD, mm

P value

RMSEc

P value

RMSEc

P value

RMSEc

P value

RMSEc

Hematochemical parameters

Hematocrit, l/l

2

0.0023

9.49

0.3182

277.89

0.0550

11.98

0.0364

11.80

Energy-related metabolites

Glucose, mmol/l

2

0.7754

9.67

0.5966

 

0.4352

12.10

0.3835

11.94

Glucose × DIMd

 

–

–

0.0196

268.03

–

–

–

–

Cholesterol, mmol/l

3

0.6190

9.65

0.4730

277.60

0.5515

12.07

0.4398

11.93

NEFA, mmol/l

2

0.5428

9.69

0.2276

276.66

0.0855

 

0.7343

11.96

NEFA × Paritye

 

–

–

–

–

0.0752

11.95

–

–

BHBA, mmol/l

2

0.5874

9.67

0.1912

277.21

0.1666

12.03

0.4383

11.94

Urea, mmol/l

2

0.0594

9.55

0.8598

278.69

0.2456

12.02

0.3564

11.91

Creatinine µmol/l

2

0.2588

9.66

0.1936

 

0.3915

12.05

0.1235

11.86

Creatinine × Paritye

 

–

–

0.0323

273.56

–

–

–

–

Liver function/hepatic damage

AST/GOT, U/l

1

0.6647

9.68

0.0749

277.28

0.0301

 

0.4778

11.96

AST/GOT × DIMd

 

0.0310

9.51

0.0477

272.16

0.0074

11.70

0.0427

11.72

AST/GOT × Paritye

 

–

–

–

–

0.0151

 

–

–

GGT, U/l

2

0.0777

9.59

0.1217

 

0.3747

12.06

0.0972

11.86

GGT × Paritye

 

–

–

0.0663

276.02

–

–

–

–

BILt, μmol/l

1

0.6292

9.68

0.9062

278.84

0.2319

 

0.0257

11.84

BILt xDIMd

 

–

–

0.0640

274.38

0.0769

11.76

–

–

BILt × Paritye

 

–

–

–

–

0.0971

 

–

–

Albumin, g/l

2

0.0927

9.61

0.2597

277.51

0.6019

12.08

0.7118

11.95

ALP, U/l

2

0.9615

9.68

0.7195

278.52

0.6231

12.08

0.9804

11.97

PON, U/ml

2

0.5463

9.66

0.4928

278.14

0.0228

 

0.1088

 

PON × Paritye

 

–

–

–

–

0.0138

11.85

0.0958

11.80

  1. P values < 0.1 are highlighted using bold.
  2. aNEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; BHBA, β-Hydroxybutyric acid; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; BILt, total bilirubin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PON, paraoxonase. Linear models for pTAG, PVA, PVD and LD always considered the individual sources of variations, namely days in milk (DIM), parity and herd/date and, one at the time, all the hematic variables (in classes). Where P values were < 0.1, interactions between DIM and/or parity and hematic variables are reported.
  3. bdf = the degrees of freedom depend on the number of classes in which hematochemical parameters have been discretized.
  4. cRMSE root mean square error.
  5. dDIM is constituted by 5 classes: class 1 ≤ 30; 30 < class 2 ≤ 60; 60 < class 3 ≤ 90; 90 < class 4 ≤ 120; class 5 > 120.
  6. eParity is constituted by two classes: primiparous and multiparous.
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