Figure 4

The spectral Granger causality of entrained gamma EEG. Changes in the gamma wave spectral Granger causality of 1953 connections between 63 electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes induced by flickering light stimulus in the second experiment (A, B) and the averaged strength of the occipitoparietal to frontotemporal gamma wave connections estimated using spectral Granger causality analysis (C, D). (A) 400 cd/m² and (B) 700 cd/m². The left-upper side of each matrix represents the occipitoparietal to frontotemporal connections. The numbers of EEG electrodes from 1 to 63 correspond to Fp1, Fp2, AF7, AF3, AFz, AF4, AF8, F7, F5, F3, F1, Fz, F2, F4, F6, F8, FT9, FT7, FC5, FC3, FC1, FC2, FC4, FC6, FT8, FT10, T7, C5, C3, C1, Cz, C2, C4, C6, T8, TP9, TP7, CP5, CP3, CP1, CPz, CP2, CP4, CP6, TP8, TP10, P7, P5, P3, P1, P2, P4, P6, P8, PO7, PO3, POz, PO4, PO8, O1, Oz, and O2, respectively. Error bars indicate standard errors. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.