Table 1 Comparison with state of the art methods.
From: An eye tracking based virtual reality system for use inside magnetic resonance imaging systems
Category | Method | Setup | Accuracy (in degree or pixels) | Head motion range | Limitation | Advantage | Potential for MR compatible VR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2DRFB | Ours | 2 Cameras with 1 LED each | 0.76\(^{\circ }\) /21.16pixels | 30 mm | 1. Gaze interaction is required to maintain accuracy when large head motion happens. 2. Close eye image required | 1. Accurate for relative fixed head motion. 2. No need for corneal reflection (robust to head motion) | High |
2DRFB | Su et al.59 (2020) | 1 Camera | 77.46 pixels | Unconstrained | 1. Poor accuracy for large head motion | 1. Fair accuracy for fixed head | Low |
2DRFB | Arar et al.25 (2016), Shin et al.23 (2015), Ma et al.26 (2015) | 1–2 Cameras + light array. | 0.91\(^{\circ }\)–2.50\(^{\circ }\) | Constrained | 1. Corneal reflection required 2.Vulnerable to head motion | 1.Accurate for fixed head | Low |
2DRFB | Chi et al.24 (2009) | 1 Camera + light array | 20.00 pixels | Constrained | 1. Corneal reflection required 2.Vulnerable to head motion | 1. Accurate for fixed head | Low |
AB | Wood et al.33 (2016), Zhang et al.34 (2017), Cheng et al.35 (2020) | 1 Camera | 4.41\(^{\circ }\)–9.95\(^{\circ }\) | Free | 1. Poor accuracy. 2. Rely on dataset. | 1. Calibration free. 2. Low hardware requirement | Low |
AB | Kim et al.60 (2019) | Near eye camera + infrared light | 3.51\(^{\circ }\) | Fixed | 1.Poor accuracy. 2. Rely on dataset. | 1. Calibration free. 2. Low hardware requirement | Low |
3DMB | Sigut et al.27 (2010) Hennessey et al.28 (2006) Beymer et al.29 (2003) | 1–4 Cameras + light array | 0.60\(^{\circ }\)–3.00\(^{\circ }\) | Constrained | 1. Complex setup. 2. Corneal reflection required. | 1. Accurate and head motion allowed | Low |
CRB | Coutinho et al.30 (2006) Huang et al.31 (2014) Zhang et al.32 (2014) | 1 Camera + light array | 0.60\(^{\circ }\)–2.00\(^{\circ }\) | Constrained | 1. Vulernable to user distance variance. 2. Corneal reflection required. 3. Complex setup | 1. Accurate and head motion allowed | Low |
MRCETS | MRC Eye Tracking Solution (MRC)61 | Coil mount + 2 LEDs | 0.40\(^{\circ }\) | Not mentioned | 1. Corneal reflection required. 2. Close eye image required | 1. Accurate for relative fixed head movement | Low |
MRCETS | LiveTrack AV (Cambridge Research System)62 | Coil mount + 2 infrared lights | 0.50\(^{\circ }\) | 20 mm | 1.Corneal reflection required. 2. Close eye image required | 1. Accurate for relative fixed head movement | Low |
MRCETS | VisualSystem HD (NordicNeuroLab)63 | Near face coil mount + 2 infrared lights | 0.20\(^{\circ }\)–0.50\(^{\circ }\) | Fixed | 1. Corneal reflection required. 2. Close eye image required | 1. Accurate for relative fixed head movement | Low |
MRCETS | DeepVOG21 (2019) | Near face coil mount + 2 infrared lights | 0.50\(^{\circ }\) | Fixed | 1. Corneal reflection required. 2. Close eye image required | 1. Accurate for relative fixed head movement | Low |
