Table 7 Between region pairwise AMOVA of nDNA Tamura and Nei³¹ distances in Echinothrix diadema.

	India	Ocean	Statistic	p	Central	Pacific	Ocean	p	Western	Pacific	Ocean	p	Tropical	eastern	Pacific	p
	S.O.V.	% var.	Statistic	p	S.O.V.	% var.	Statistic	p	S.O.V.	% var.	Statistic	p	S.O.V.	% var.	Statistic	p
Central	B.R.	− 1.15	Φ_CT = −0.011	0.703
Pacific	B.P.	− 1.01	Φ_ST = − 0.021	0.616
Ocean	W.P.	102.16	Φ_SC = − 0.009	0.520
Western	B.R.	1.89	Φ_CT = 0.019	0.205	B.R.	− 4.02	Φ_CT = − 0.040	1.000
Pacific	B.P.	− 3.94	Φ_ST = − 0.020	0.697	B.P.	− 2.28	Φ_ST = − 0.063	0.734
Ocean	W.P.	102.05	Φ_SC = − 0.040	0.679	W.P.	106.30	Φ_SC = 0.022	0.603
Tropical	B.R.	− 3.08	Φ_CT = − 0.031	0.936	B.R.	1.22	Φ_CT = 0.012	0.413	B.R.	− 1.50	Φ_CT = − 0.015	1.000
Eastern	B.P.	0.39	Φ_ST = − 0.027	0.558	B.P.	1.16	Φ_ST = 0.024	0.266	B.P.	4.25	Φ_ST = 0.027	0.221
Pacific	W.P.	102.69	Φ_SC = 0.004	0.397	W.P.	97.62	Φ_SC = 0.012	0.218	W.P.	97.26	Φ_SC = 0.042	0.149
Hawaiian	B.R.	3.07	Φ_CT = 0.031	0.413	B.R.	− 1.75	Φ_CT = − 0.017	0.495	B.R.	4.41	Φ_CT = 0.044	0.327	B.R.	− 12.56	Φ_CT = − 0.125	1.000
Archipelago	B.P.	− 0.05	Φ_ST = 0.030	0.219	B.P.	− 0.22	Φ_ST = − 0.019	0.527	B.P.	− 12.36	Φ_ST = − 0.079	0.985	B.P.	18.86	Φ_ST = 0.063	0.052
Archipelago	W.P.	96.98	Φ_SC = − 0.001	0.631	W.P.	101.97	Φ_SC = 0.002	0.472	W.P.	107.96	Φ_SC = − 0.129	1.000	W.P.	93.70	Φ_SC = 0.167	0.098

S.O.V. source of variation, B.R. between regions, B.P. between populations within regions, W.P. within populations, % var . percentage of variation.
n.b. Tropical eastern pacific = Clipperton Island + Isla del Coco.

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