Table 1 Respiratory loading increases the work of breathing.

From: A new approach to improve the hemodynamic assessment of cardiac function independent of respiratory influence

 

Eupnea

Mild resistance

Moderate resistance

PtrInspiration (mmHg)

 − 1.4 ± 0.9

 − 13.5 ± 4.1*

 − 21.5 ± 4.9*†

Frequency (breaths/min)

106 ± 21

116 ± 17

117 ± 12

TTOT (s)

0.585 ± 0.12

0.523 ± 0.07

0.517 ± 0.08

TI (s)

0.184 ± 0.04

0.227 ± 0.03*

0.217 ± 0.03*

TE (s)

0.401 ± 0.10

0.302 ± 0.05*

0.302 ± 0.06*

Early expiratory time (s)

0.134 ± 0.03

0.099 ± 0.02*

0.117 ± 0.02

Late expiratory time (s)

0.267 ± 0.09

0.203 ± 0.04

0.185 ± 0.05

  1. Inspiratory tracheal pressure (Ptr Inspiration), frequency, total time of one respiratory cycle (TTOT), inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), early expiratory, and late expiratory time during eupnea, mild, and moderate resistance loading. Data are presented as mean ± SD.
  2. *p < 0.05 versus eupnea, †p < 0.05 mild versus moderate resistance load. All data were analyzed using a within-subject one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Sidak’s correction, n = 7.
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