Table 1 The basic demographic data of study subjects.

From: Urine metabolic phenotyping in children with nocturnal enuresis and comorbid neurobehavioral disorders

Variables

Childhood NE (N = 41)

Healthy controls (N = 27)

P value Ï•

ADHD/anxiety

group, N = 14 (%)

Non-ADHD/anxiety group, N = 27 (%)

Age (years)

8.9 ± 2.5

8.9 ± 2.3

7.4 ± 0.5

0.09

Gender, male(M): female(F)

7:7

15:12

10:17

0.38

Height (cm)

126.5 ± 15.6

129.0 ± 15.3

125.0 ± 6.91

0.59

Weight (kg)

28.7 ± 8.6

30.5 ± 10.2

24.8 ± 4.7

0.17

BMI (kg/m2)

17.7 ± 3.1

18.1 ± 4.0

15.8 ± 2.1

0.05

Frequency of NE (per week)

 < 3 episodes

2(14%)

M: F = 1:1

6 (22%)

M: F = 2:4

  

3–6 episodes

8(57%)

M: F = 4:4

17 (63%)

M: F = 9:8

  

7 episodes

4(29%)

M: F = 2:2

4 (15%)

M: F = 4:0

  

Daytime voiding dysfunction

2 (14%)

1 (4%)

  

Medications (during follow-up)

DDAVP

5 (36%)

14(52%)

  

Combined drugs

8 (57%)

9(33%)

  

No drugs

1 (7%)

4 (15%)

  
  1. *Means ± standard deviation is given for each variable and each group.
  2. ψThe statistics is analyzed by Kruskai–Wallis test and p < 0.05 is statistically significant (GraphPad Prism, version 8.4.2.).
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