Figure 4

Human P-MSCs therapy restores glucose homeostasis in WNIN/GR-Ob (Ob-T2D) rats in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. P-MSCs treatment restores PI3K-Akt signaling and Glut4 expression in the WNIN/GR-Ob (Ob-T2D) rats adipose tissues. (a,b) FACS analysis showing the relative 2-NBDG uptake in subcutaneous (a) and visceral (b) adipose tissues from WNIN/Control and WNIN/GR-Ob (Ob-T2D) rats treated with P-MSCs in the absence and presence of insulin stimulation. Data were normalized to the PBS group in the basal condition. The % 2-NBDG uptake in each of the condition is also shown in the form of bar diagram. (c,d) Bar diagrams showing the activities of Hexokinase and Pyruvate Kinase in subcutaneous (c) and visceral (d) adipose tissues of WNIN/Control and WNIN/GR-Ob (Ob-T2D) rats with and without P-MSCs injection. (e,f) Bar diagram showing mean fold change in the glycolytic intermediate metabolites analyzed by LC–MS/MS analysis in the subcutaneous (e) and visceral (f) adipose tissues of WNIN/Control and WNIN/GR-Ob (Ob-T2D) rats with and without P-MSCs injection. (g,h) Western blot analysis for the indicated proteins isolated from the subcutaneous (g) and visceral (h) adipose tissues from WNIN/Control and WNIN/GR-Ob (Ob-T2D) rats with and without human P-MSCs injection. Compared to the respective total proteins, the relative levels of phospho-proteins are also shown next to the western blots in the form of bar diagram. Blots are representative of four independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed between the control and the P-MSCs injected groups, using two-way ANOVA comparing the WNIN/Control and WNIN/GR-Ob (Ob-T2D) rats (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). Error bars represent one standard deviation from the mean. n = 6 rats per group.