Table 2 Statistical results from generalized linear mixed effects models (Poisson distribution) used to test the effect of farm management on number of active ingredients (AIs) detected bee collected pollen, and results from linear mixed models used to test the effects of farm management on pesticide concentrations in pollen, as well as differences in pesticide types (fungicides, insecticides, herbicides) found in the pollen.
Factor | R2m | Test statistic | df | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Honey bees 2018 | |||||
Num. of AIs | Farm management | 0.125 | X2 = 0.527 | 2 | 0.014 |
Avg. concentration | Farm management | 0.324 | X2 = 10.017 | 2 | 0.007 |
Pesticide type | 0.322 | X2 = 161.99 | 2 | < 0.001 | |
Honey bees 2019 | |||||
Num. of AIs | Farm management | 0.000 | X2 = 0.001 | 1 | 0.972 |
Avg. concentration | Farm management | 0.167 | X2 = 6.037 | 1 | 0.014 |
Pesticide type | 0.489 | X2 = 339.6 | 2 | < 0.001 | |
Bumble bees 2019 | |||||
Num. of AIs | Farm management | 0.017 | X2 = 0.250 | 1 | 0.617 |
Avg. concentration | Farm management | 0.620 | F1,14 = 21.173 | < 0.001 | |
Pesticide type | 0.398 | F2,43 = 13.886 | < 0.001 | ||
