Figure 1
Maximum clade credibility tree of 48 samples from the Radula clade of Piper and 23 outgroup species inferred with a Bayesian analysis of 641 concatenated ddRADseq loci (55,298 base pairs) comprising 9113 genetic variants (of which 4674 are parsimony informative). The outgroup taxa were sampled across multiple Piper clades: Churumayu, Isophyllon, Hemipodium, Macrostachys, Peltobryon, Pothomorphe, and Schilleria. All nodes are supported by at least 95% posterior support except where noted with circles or labels. Blue circles indicate support values between 85 and 95%. Red circles indicate support values between 75 and 85%. Three nodes with less than 75% posterior support were given numerical support values. Blue bars at each node denote the 95% highest posterior density interval on relative node ages. The photos to the right of the tree showcase a sample of Piper diversity, including a few of the species which were included in this study: (a) Piper hillianum (Macrostachys), (b) P. acutifolium (Peltobryon), (c) P. umbellatum (Pothomorphe), (d) P. pseudofuligineum (Radula), (e) P. concepcionis (Radula), (f) P. disparipes (Radula), (g) P. friedrichsthalii (Radula), (h) P. dilatatum (Radula), (i) P. bredemeyeri (Radula), (j) P. immutatum (Radula), (k) P. erubescentispicum (Radula), and (l) the widespread and often weedy P. aduncum (Radula). (Photo credits: E. J. Tepe).
