Figure 4

(a) Chemospace of all 67 Piper samples constructed with the crude 1H NMR data across 263 peaks. Point colors were chosen according to clade designation as portrayed in the phylogenetic tree in Fig. 1. A legend is provided in the rightmost PCoA plot. Error bars depict estimates of ordination mean + /− 3 standard errors for each clade. (b) MRM analyses recovered a significant positive relationship between phylogenetic and chemical distances calculated among samples from the Radula clade (left), but did not recover a significant relationship when calculated among all samples from all clades (right).